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Percutaneous nuclectomy according to the Onik method is an
avantgarde method used to remove the intervertebral disc by
percutaneous access and with closed surgery. The instrumentation
and the procedure are simple. The main feature is the smaller
diameter of the probe (2mm) which fragments and aspires the small
chips of pulpy nucleus. It reduces the risk of discitic infections
(occurring in various percentages with all methods of percutaneous
discectomy) because the hole in the anulus, being small, closes
spontaneously after the probe is removed. Moreover postoperative
acute lumbar pain has been reported to occur less frequently. This
method is carried out under local anesthesia, with radioscopic and
intraoperative discographic monitoring. By consulting this atlas
orthopaedists, neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists may learn this
method easily, because every detail is clearly presented and
illustrated with a great number of coloured pictures.
An anonymous book appeared in Venice in 1547 titled L'Alcorano di
Macometto, and, according to the title page, it contained "the
doctrine, life, customs, and laws [of Mohammed] . . . newly
translated from Arabic into the Italian language." Were this true,
L'Alcorano di Macometto would have been the first printed direct
translation of the Qur'an in a European vernacular language. The
truth, however, was otherwise. As soon became clear, the Qur'anic
sections of the book-about half the volume-were in fact
translations of a twelfth-century Latin translation that had
appeared in print in Basel in 1543. The other half included
commentary that balanced anti-Islamic rhetoric with new
interpretations of Muhammad's life and political role in
pre-Islamic Arabia. Despite having been discredited almost
immediately, the Alcorano was affordable, accessible, and widely
distributed. In The Venetian Qur'an, Pier Mattia Tommasino uncovers
the volume's mysterious origins, its previously unidentified
author, and its broad, lasting influence. L'Alcorano di Macometto,
Tommasino argues, served a dual purpose: it was a book for European
refugees looking to relocate in the Ottoman Empire, as well as a
general Renaissance reader's guide to Islamic history and stories.
The book's translation and commentary were prepared by an unknown
young scholar, Giovanni Battista Castrodardo, a complex and
intellectually accomplished man, whose commentary in L'Alcorano di
Macometto bridges Muhammad's biography and the text of the Qur'an
with Machiavelli's The Prince and Dante's Divine Comedy. In the
years following the publication of L'Alcorano di Macometto, the
book was dismissed by Arabists and banned by the Catholic Church.
It was also, however, translated into German, Hebrew, and Spanish
and read by an extended lineage of missionaries, rabbis, renegades,
and iconoclasts, including such figures as the miller Menocchio,
Joseph Justus Scaliger, and Montesquieu. Through meticulous
research and literary analysis, The Venetian Qur'an reveals the
history and legacy of a fascinating historical and scholarly
document.
During the fascist years in Italy, architecture and politics
enjoyed a close alliance. Benito Mussolini used architecture to
educate the masses, exploiting its symbolic prowess as a powerful
tool for achieving political consensus. Mussolini, Architect
examines Mussolini in Italy from 1922 to 1943 and expands the
traditional interpretations of fascism, advancing the claim that
Mussolini devised and implemented architecture as a tool capable of
determining public behaviour and influencing opinion. Paolo
Nicoloso challenges the assertion that Mussolini was of minimal
influence on Italian architecture and argues that in fact the
fascist leader played a strong role in encouraging civic
architectural development in order to reflect the totalitarian
values of the period. Drawing on archival documents, Nicoloso lists
the architects who gave Mussolini ideas and describes the times
when the dictator himself sometimes picked up a pencil and
suggested changes. Examining the political, social, and
architectural history of the fascist period, Mussolini, Architect
gives careful attention to the final years of fascist rule in order
to demonstrate the extent to which Mussolini was intent on shaping
Italy and its citizens through architectural projects.
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