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One of the mysteries of mammalian reproduction is the physiologic
process that determines the length of gestation. The proper timing
of birth ensures that the young individual is sufficiently
developed to survive and adapt in the extrauterine environment, and
that the mother is capable to provide nutrition and protection to
the newborn. This volume summarizes new knowledge obtained by many
researchers seeking to unravel the compile mechanisms that
contribute to the maintenance and termination of pregnancy. The
most important common goal of these efforts is to reduce the
incidence of preterm birth, which is the leading cause of perinatal
morbidity and mortality in numerous countries.
Separate chapters are devoted to the best-studied animal models of
parturition. In sheep, the fetus is in control of the timing of its
own birth, while in avian species, oviposition is evidently
determined by the female laying the feritlized egg. In humans and
non-human primates, the roles of the fetus and the mother are more
balanced, and involve a complicated and poorly understood interplay
between the mother, the fetus, and the placenta. Some major aspects
of these interactions, such as trophoblast function, myometrial
contractility, and the endocrine-paracrine systems, are discussed
in further chapters.
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