For nearly three years, August 1941 to March 1944, 47,000 Spanish soldiers served under German command on the Russian front, two of those years con tinuously in the line in the siege of Leningrad. There were 22,000 casu alties, of which 4,500 were killed in ac tion or died of wounds, disease, or frost bite. Fewer than 300 prisoners of war finally were repatriated in 1954. The story of these Spanish volunteers told here, largely from original Spanish and German archival sources, in the graphic detail of a military history cover ing the major battles of the Russo-German war, gives an entirely different perspective to the siege of Leningrad which is neither Communist nor Nazi but Mediterranean. Thinking of themselves as warriors, as opposed to soldiers, the Spaniards fought with great courage and dash. Masters of improvisation, they lived off the countryside, regarded the Russians as human beings, and often formed strong bonds with the peasants--so strong that the Russian population often protected the Spaniards from both the Red Army and the partisans.

This handbook is a humble attempt to bring together a diverse range of authors ranging from general gynecologists to basic infertility practitioners and fertility physicians practicing assisted reproductive technology (ART) to contribute their knowledge, experience and expertise on all the available drugs and formulations being used in fertility practice today. We hope this book will serve as a ready reckoner and a single go-to reference for the dosages, duration and practical applications for therapeutic alternatives in various clinical scenarios. The aim of this book is to highlight the utility of the available drug treatment options available to us in the practical management of fertility issues. Contribution from various experts ranging from general gynecologists to basic infertility practitioners and fertility physicians practicing ART. Helps to keep abreast of the latest developments in this field. Provides valuable tips and pointers which you can be implemented in day-to-day practice.

This book investigates perceptions against the people of north-east India, and why such prejudicial attitude exists. It subsequently quantifies and develops measures to counter such stereotypes and affiliated violence. This research examines the north-east Indian population’s and the general Indian population’s understanding of hate crime against the north-eastern population in metropolitan cities of India, both in concept and in perpetration. Further, it evaluates the existing constitutional and statutory provisions in India to determine if the proposed legislation and provisions are sufficient with regards to hate crime against north-eastern people of India. Drawing on empirical research addressing racial hate crimes in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune, this book’s case studies provide a qualitative dive to the problem and offer experiential analysis in order to curate preventive measures. This book is ideal for scholars, researchers, teachers and students interested in hate crime, racial violence, minority struggles, victimology, and law. 

Transnational Feminist Itineraries brings together scholars and activists from multiple continents to demonstrate the ongoing importance of transnational feminist theory in challenging neoliberal globalization and the rise of authoritarian nationalisms around the world. The contributors illuminate transnational feminism's unique constellation of elements: its specific mode of thinking across scales, its historical understanding of identity categories, and its expansive imagining of solidarity based on difference rather than similarity. Contesting the idea that transnational feminism works in opposition to other approaches-especially intersectional and decolonial feminisms-this volume instead argues for their complementarity. Throughout, the contributors call for reaching across social, ideological, and geographical boundaries to better confront the growing reach of nationalism, authoritarianism, and religious and economic fundamentalism. Contributors. Mary Bernstein, Isabel Maria Cortesao Casimiro, Rafael de la Dehesa, Carmen L. Diaz Alba, Inderpal Grewal, Cricket Keating, Amy Lind, Laura L. Lovett, Kathryn Moeller, Nancy A. Naples, Jennifer C. Nash, Amrita Pande, Srila Roy, Cara K. Snyder, Ashwini Tambe, Millie Thayer, Catarina Casimiro Trindade

This book introduces recent research results for cyber deception, a promising field for proactive cyber defense. The beauty and challenge of cyber deception is that it is an interdisciplinary research field requiring study from techniques and strategies to human aspects. This book covers a wide variety of cyber deception research, including game theory, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and deception-related technology. Specifically, this book addresses three core elements regarding cyber deception: Understanding human's cognitive behaviors in decoyed network scenarios Developing effective deceptive strategies based on human's behaviors Designing deceptive techniques that supports the enforcement of deceptive strategies The research introduced in this book identifies the scientific challenges, highlights the complexity and inspires the future research of cyber deception. Researchers working in cybersecurity and advanced-level computer science students focused on cybersecurity will find this book useful as a reference. This book also targets professionals working in cybersecurity. Chapter 'Using Amnesia to Detect Credential Database Breaches' and Chapter 'Deceiving ML-Based Friend-or-Foe Identification for Executables' are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

First Published in 1980, London Patidars presents the case study of the Patidars, a landowning caste from the Indian state of Gujarat, in London. Patidars being the landowning caste has taken over much of the ideology of the merchant castes. This ‘merchant ideal’ is a central part of their self-image. It is an incitement to initiative in business and to some extent their actual economic behaviour does reflect the ideal. But the cases studied do not all conform to this ideal, and they pose questions: How does this particular type of ethnic boundary relate to the opportunities of the individual Patidar? Why and how is this boundary maintained? Harald Tambs-Lyche concludes that the form given to the ethnic boundary is advantageous to many Patidars but not to all in the same degree. This raises problems which potentially could change the present pattern. Other potential problems relate to their relationship with the English. As successful merchants they risk becoming objects of envy like, formerly, the Jewish community. This book is a must read for scholars of ethnic and race relations and sociology.

In this volume, the author challenges a number of widely held cultural stereotypes about India. Caste is not as old as Indian civilization itself, and current changes are no more radical than in the past, for caste has evolved throughout its history. It is not a colonial invention, nor does it result from weak state control. There is no single form of Indian kingship, and power relations, fundamental as they are for understanding Indian society. Nor do Indian villages conform to a single type, and caste is as much urban as rural. Only in a regional 'local' perspective can we view it as a 'system'. Caste does offer space for the individual, though in a particular Indian mould, and Hinduism does not provide for an integration of castes through ritual. In short, social organization varies widely in India, and cannot provide the key to the specificity of caste. This must be sought in the way society is imagined, the models of society current in Indian thought. Of course as mentioned above, there is no single model: Brahmins, kings, and merchants among others have all produced alternative models with themselves at the centre, vying for hegemony, while facing contesting models held by subalterns. Still, a hierarchical mode of thought is hegemonic and largely explains why Indians see their social stratification differently from people in the West. The volume will be indispensable for scholars of South Asian Sociology and Culture.

As computer networks (and computational grids) become increasingly complex, the problem of allocating resources within such networks, in a distributed fashion, will become more and more of a design and implementation concern. This is especially true where the allocation involves distributed collections of resources rather than just a single resource, where there are alternative patterns of resources with different levels of utility that can satisfy the desired allocation, and where this allocation process must be done in soft real-time. Distributed Sensor Networks is the first book of its kind to examine solutions to this problem using ideas taken from the field of multiagent systems. The field of multiagent systems has itself seen an exponential growth in the past decade, and has developed a variety of techniques for distributed resource allocation.
Distributed Sensor Networks contains contributions from leading, international researchers describing a variety of approaches to this problem based on examples of implemented systems taken from a common distributed sensor network application; each approach is motivated, demonstrated and tested by way of a common challenge problem. The book focuses on both practical systems and their theoretical analysis, and is divided into three parts: the first part describes the common sensor network challenge problem; the second part explains the different technical approaches to the common challenge problem; and the third part provides results on the formal analysis of a number of approaches taken to address the challenge problem.

This book examines the interpretation of the risk-based approach (RBA) and its application across the banking industry. It explores the ways conflicting risk interpretation and deconstruction of money laundering risk have unintended consequences across the banking industry. Furthermore, it offers a theoretical framework that can be adopted and implemented by risk practitioners to address money laundering (ML) risks. The interpretation and application of the RBA influences the way money laundering risk is perceived, presented, and managed, often resulting in misalignment among stakeholders. Moreover, AML practitioners interpret money laundering (ML) risk as an entity that can be contained, largely in ignorance of the fact that ML risk is self-referential. The book therefore addresses complex inter-system feedback phenomena that lead to de-risking and re-risking, and offers a new ML risk communication framework on this basis. It will be of value to researchers and also to stakeholders within financial institutions, financial intelligence units and regulators in the fight against money laundering.

This book assesses British colonialism in South Asia in a transnational light, with the Indian Ocean region as its ambit, and with a focus on 'subaltern' groups and actors. It breaks new ground by combining new strands of research on colonial history. Thinking about colonialism in dynamic terms, the book focuses on the movement of people of the lower orders that imperial ventures generated. Challenging the assumed stability of colonial rule, the social spaces featured are those that threatened the racial, class and moral order instituted by British colonial states. By elaborating on the colonial state's strategies to control perceived 'disorder' and the modes of resistance and subversion that subaltern subjects used to challenge state control, a picture of British Empire as an ultimately precarious, shifting and unruly formation is presented, which is quite distinct from its self-projected image as an orderly entity. Thoroughly researched and innovative in its approach, this book will be a valuable resource for scholars of Asian, British imperial/colonial, transnational and international history.

This book assesses British colonialism in South Asia in a transnational light, with the Indian Ocean region as its ambit, and with a focus on 'subaltern' groups and actors. It breaks new ground by combining new strands of research on colonial history. Thinking about colonialism in dynamic terms, the book focuses on the movement of people of the lower orders that imperial ventures generated.

Challenging the assumed stability of colonial rule, the social spaces featured are those that threatened the racial, class and moral order instituted by British colonial states. By elaborating on the colonial state's strategies to control perceived 'disorder' and the modes of resistance and subversion that subaltern subjects used to challenge state control, a picture of British Empire as an ultimately precarious, shifting and unruly formation is presented, which is quite distinct from its self-projected image as an orderly entity.

Thoroughly researched and innovative in its approach, thisbook will be a valuable resource for scholars of Asian, British imperial/colonial, transnational and international history.

Contributed articles presented at the 13th European Conference on Modern South Asian Stuidies held at Toulouse in 1994.

Distributed Sensor Networks is the first book of its kind to examine solutions to this problem using ideas taken from the field of multiagent systems. The field of multiagent systems has itself seen an exponential growth in the past decade, and has developed a variety of techniques for distributed resource allocation. Distributed Sensor Networks contains contributions from leading, international researchers describing a variety of approaches to this problem based on examples of implemented systems taken from a common distributed sensor network application; each approach is motivated, demonstrated and tested by way of a common challenge problem. The book focuses on both practical systems and their theoretical analysis, and is divided into three parts: the first part describes the common sensor network challenge problem; the second part explains the different technical approaches to the common challenge problem; and the third part provides results on the formal analysis of a number of approaches taken to address the challenge problem.

Transnational Feminist Itineraries brings together scholars and activists from multiple continents to demonstrate the ongoing importance of transnational feminist theory in challenging neoliberal globalization and the rise of authoritarian nationalisms around the world. The contributors illuminate transnational feminism's unique constellation of elements: its specific mode of thinking across scales, its historical understanding of identity categories, and its expansive imagining of solidarity based on difference rather than similarity. Contesting the idea that transnational feminism works in opposition to other approaches-especially intersectional and decolonial feminisms-this volume instead argues for their complementarity. Throughout, the contributors call for reaching across social, ideological, and geographical boundaries to better confront the growing reach of nationalism, authoritarianism, and religious and economic fundamentalism. Contributors. Mary Bernstein, Isabel Maria Cortesao Casimiro, Rafael de la Dehesa, Carmen L. Diaz Alba, Inderpal Grewal, Cricket Keating, Amy Lind, Laura L. Lovett, Kathryn Moeller, Nancy A. Naples, Jennifer C. Nash, Amrita Pande, Srila Roy, Cara K. Snyder, Ashwini Tambe, Millie Thayer, Catarina Casimiro Trindade

This book is the eighth in the successful line of Intelligent Agents books published in LNAI. It is based on the Eighth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, ATAL 2001, held in Seattle, WA, USA, in August 2001.The 31 revised full papers presented together with an overall introduction and two special session overviews were carefully reviewed and selected during two rounds of improvement from 68 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on agent modeling; formal specification and verification of agents; agent architectures and languages; agent communication; collaborative planning and resource allocation; trust and safety, formal theories of negotiation; and agents for hand-held, mobile, or embedded devices.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Collective Robotics, CRW'98, held as part of the Agents' World 1998 conference in Paris, France, in July 1998.
The 13 revised full papers presented in the book were selected during a vigorous reviewing process. The book brings together research in distributed artificial intelligence and intelligent robotics. Among the topics addressed are multi-agent collaboration, collective learning, self-organization, artificial life, simulation, mobile robots, robot soccer, human-robot cooperation, etc.

This book is based on the second International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, held in conjunction with the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'95 in Montreal, Canada in August 1995.
The 26 papers are revised final versions of the workshop presentations selected from a total of 54 submissions; also included is a comprehensive introduction, a detailed bibliography listing 355 relevant publications, and a subject index. The book is structured into seven sections, reflecting the most current major directions in agent-related research. Together with its predecessor, Intelligent Agents, published as volume 890 in the LNAI series, this book provides a timely and comprehensive state-of-the-art report.

This book examines why people vote in the newly consolidated democracies of Africa, Latin America, East Asia, and Central and Eastern European countries. It addresses the question of how well models or theories of electoral participation, initially developed in established democracies, "travel" to new democracies. Based on recent cross- national survey data, it provides the first systematic and comparative evaluation of this topic. Drawing on political science, sociology, and psychology approaches, it reveals what is distinctive about voting in new democracies and how they compare between themselves and with more established democracies. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political participation, public opinion, voting behaviour, electoral politics, and political parties as well as to international organisations and NGOs working in the field of democracy promotion and in emerging democracies.

This pack contains 8 books, one of each of the following titles: Geeks Can't Dance, Terrible Tales From School, Ethan the Great, Georgie and Me, Champions of Our Planet, Double Exposure, The Greatest Treasure of All and Coram's Children. Reflect is a series of emotionally powerful fiction and non-fiction with realistic settings, carefully crafted to promote thoughtful discussions and develop higher-level reading comprehension. Written by top authors and developed with Literacy expert Nikki Gamble, these are books you can trust to engage, entertain and support children's personal development and wellbeing. The books are finely levelled, making it easy to match every child to books with the right depth and complexity, and helping them to progress. Each book contains inside cover notes to help children deepen their understanding and support their reading comprehension. Teaching notes on Oxford Owl offer cross-curricular links to Relationships Education and support literacy skills.

This book examines why people vote in the newly consolidated democracies of Africa, Latin America, East Asia, and Central and Eastern European countries. It addresses the question of how well models or theories of electoral participation, initially developed in established democracies, "travel" to new democracies. Based on recent cross- national survey data, it provides the first systematic and comparative evaluation of this topic. Drawing on political science, sociology, and psychology approaches, it reveals what is distinctive about voting in new democracies and how they compare between themselves and with more established democracies. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political participation, public opinion, voting behaviour, electoral politics, and political parties as well as to international organisations and NGOs working in the field of democracy promotion and in emerging democracies.

With the increasing public interest in artificial intelligence (AI), there is also increasing interest in learning about the benefits that AI can deliver to society. This book focuses on research advances in AI that benefit the conservation of wildlife, forests, coral reefs, rivers, and other natural resources. It presents how the joint efforts of researchers in computer science, ecology, economics, and psychology help address the goals of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Written at a level accessible to conservation professionals and AI researchers, the book offers both an overview of the field and an in-depth view of how AI is being used to understand patterns in wildlife poaching and enhance patrol efforts in response, covering research advances, field tests and real-world deployments. The book also features efforts in other major conservation directions, including protecting natural resources, ecosystem monitoring, and bio-invasion management through the use of game theory, machine learning, and optimization.

This book marries social work and artificial intelligence to provide an introductory guide for using AI for social good. Following an introductory chapter laying out approaches and ethical principles of using AI for social work interventions, the book describes in detail an intervention to increase the spread of HIV information by using algorithms to determine the key individuals in a social network of homeless youth. Other chapters present interdisciplinary collaborations between AI and social work students, including a chatbot for sexual health information and algorithms to determine who is at higher stress among persons with Type 2 Diabetes. For students, academic researchers, industry leaders, and practitioners, these real-life examples from the USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society demonstrate how social work and artificial intelligence can be used in tandem for the greater good.

At what age do girls gain the maturity to make sexual choices? This question provokes especially vexed debates in India, where early marriage is a widespread practice. India has served as a focal problem site in NGO campaigns and intergovernmental conferences setting age standards for sexual maturity. Over the last century, the country shifted the legal age of marriage from twelve, among the lowest in the world, to eighteen, at the high end of the global spectrum. Ashwini Tambe illuminates the ideas that shaped such shifts: how the concept of adolescence as a sheltered phase led to delaying both marriage and legal adulthood; how the imperative of population control influenced laws on marriage age; and how imperial moral hierarchies between nations provoked defensive postures within India. Tambe's transnational feminist approach to legal history shows how intergovernmental debates influenced Indian laws and how expert discourses in India changed UN terminology about girls. Ultimately, the well-meaning focus on child marriage became tethered less to the well-being of girls themselves and more to parents' interests, population control targets, and the preservation of national reputation.

This book marries social work and artificial intelligence to provide an introductory guide for using AI for social good. Following an introductory chapter laying out approaches and ethical principles of using AI for social work interventions, the book describes in detail an intervention to increase the spread of HIV information by using algorithms to determine the key individuals in a social network of homeless youth. Other chapters present interdisciplinary collaborations between AI and social work students, including a chatbot for sexual health information and algorithms to determine who is at higher stress among persons with Type 2 Diabetes. For students, academic researchers, industry leaders, and practitioners, these real-life examples from the USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society demonstrate how social work and artificial intelligence can be used in tandem for the greater good.