Emotionen sind in den letzten Jahren als zentraler Gegenstand der Ethik, der philosophischen Anthropologie und der Philosophie des Geistes wieder entdeckt worden. Die Thematisierung von Gefuhlen hat in der Philosophie durchaus Tradition. Seit Platon und Aristoteles gehoeren Reflexion auf und theoretische Erklarung von Gefuhlen zur Philosophie. Viele dieser klassischen Emotionstheorien haben indirekt auf die heutige Diskussion Einfluss, andere eroeffnen gerade in ihrer heute ungewoehnlichen Sicht neue Perspektiven. Der vorliegende Band, in dem die wichtigsten Emotionstheorien von Platon bis Wittgenstein vorgestellt werden, soll fur die aktuelle Philosophie der Gefuhle neue Anschlussmoeglichkeiten aufzeigen.

This book reconstructs Spinoza's theory of the human mind against the backdrop of the twofold notion that subjective experience is explainable and that its successful explanation is of ethical relevance, because it makes us wiser, freer, and happier. Doing so, the book defends a realist rationalist interpretation of Spinoza's approach which does not entail commitment to an ontological reduction of subjective experience to mere intelligibility. In contrast to a long-standing tradition of Hegelian reading of Spinoza's Ethics, it thus defends the notion that the experience of finite subjects is fully real.

The acquisition of self-knowledge is often described as one of the main goals of philosophical inquiry. At the same time, some sort of self-knowledge is often regarded as a necessary condition of our being a human agent or human subject. Thus self-knowledge is taken to constitute both the beginning and the end of humans' search for wisdom, and as such it is intricately bound up with the very idea of philosophy. Not surprisingly therefore, the Delphic injunction 'Know thyself' has fascinated philosophers of different times, backgrounds, and tempers. But how can we make sense of this imperative? What is self-knowledge and how is it achieved? What are the structural features that distinguish self-knowledge from other types of knowledge? What role do external, second- and third-personal, sources of knowledge play in the acquisition of self-knowledge? How can we account for the moral impact ascribed to self-knowledge? Is it just a form of anthropological knowledge that allows agents to act in accordance with their aims? Or, does self-knowledge ultimately ennoble the self of the subjects having it? Finally, is self-knowledge, or its completion, a goal that may be reached at all? The book addresses these questions in fifteen chapters covering approaches of many philosophers from Plato and Aristotle to Edmund Husserl or Elisabeth Anscombe. The short reflections inserted between the chapters show that the search for self-knowledge is an important theme in literature, poetry, painting and self-portraiture from Homer.