This book presents a large number of organic reactions performed under green conditions, which were earlier performed using anhydrous conditions and various volatile organic solvents. The conditions used involve green solvents like water, super critical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, polymer-supported reagents, polyethylene glycol and perfluorous liquids. A number of reactions have been conducted in solid state without using any solvent. Most of the reactions have been conducted under microwave irradiations and sonication. In large number of reactions, catalysts like phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and biocatalysts have been used. Providing the protocols that every laboratory should adopt, this book elaborates the principles of green chemistry and discusses the planning and preparations required to convert to green laboratory techniques. It includes applications relevant to practicing researchers, students and environmental chemists. This book is useful for students (graduate and postgraduate), researchers and industry professionals in the area of chemical engineering, chemistry and allied fields.

Organic chemistry has played a vital role in the development of diverse molecules which are used in medicines, agrochemicals and polymers. Most ofthe chemicals are produced on an industrial scale. The industrial houses adopt a synthesis for a particular molecule which should be cost-effective. No attention is paid to avoid the release of harmful chemicals in the atmosphere, land and sea. During the past decade special emphasis has been made towards green synthesis which circumvents the above problems. Prof. V. K. Ahluwalia and Dr. M. Kidwai have made a sincere effort in this direction. This book discusses the basic principles of green chemistry incorporating the use of green reagents, green catalysts, phase transfer catalysis, green synthesis using microwaves, ultrasound and biocatalysis in detail. Special emphasis is given to liquid phase reactions and organic synthesis in the solid phase. I must congratulate both the authors for their pioneering efforts to write this book. Careful selection of various topics in the book will serve the rightful purpose for the chemistry community and the industrial houses at all levels. PROF. JAVED IQBAL, PhD, FNA Distinguished Research Scientist & Head Discovery Research Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.

This textbook provides a simple approach to understand the various complex aspects of stereochemistry. It deals with basic static stereochemistry and gives an overview of the different isomeric forms and nomenclatures. With simple writing style and many examples, this book covers the topics such as stereochemistry of hydrocarbons, alkenes, cycloalkenes, optically active compounds, trivalent carbon, fused, bridged and caged rings and related compounds. This textbook also covers the additional topics such as optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, steroechemistry of elimination reactions, substitution reactions, rearrangement reactions and pericyclic reactions. The book includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter problems and key concepts to help students in self-learning. The textbook is extremely useful for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing course in chemistry, especially organic chemistry. Besides, this book will also be a useful reference book for professionals working in various chemical industries, biotechnology, bioscience and pharmacy.

This book presents a large number of organic reactions performed under green conditions, which were earlier performed using anhydrous conditions and various volatile organic solvents. The conditions used involve green solvents like water, super critical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, polymer-supported reagents, polyethylene glycol and perfluorous liquids. A number of reactions have been conducted in solid state without using any solvent. Most of the reactions have been conducted under microwave irradiations and sonication. In large number of reactions, catalysts like phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and biocatalysts have been used. Providing the protocols that every laboratory should adopt, this book elaborates the principles of green chemistry and discusses the planning and preparations required to convert to green laboratory techniques. It includes applications relevant to practicing researchers, students and environmental chemists. This book is useful for students (graduate and postgraduate), researchers and industry professionals in the area of chemical engineering, chemistry and allied fields.

This textbook provides a simple approach to understand the various complex aspects of stereochemistry. It deals with basic static stereochemistry and gives an overview of the different isomeric forms and nomenclatures. With simple writing style and many examples, this book covers the topics such as stereochemistry of hydrocarbons, alkenes, cycloalkenes, optically active compounds, trivalent carbon, fused, bridged and caged rings and related compounds. This textbook also covers the additional topics such as optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, steroechemistry of elimination reactions, substitution reactions, rearrangement reactions and pericyclic reactions. The book includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter problems and key concepts to help students in self-learning. The textbook is extremely useful for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing course in chemistry, especially organic chemistry. Besides, this book will also be a useful reference book for professionals working in various chemical industries, biotechnology, bioscience and pharmacy.

Today the world has stopped at COVID-19: envisaging a make or break moment for the world and its people. In this backdrop, the overarching thesis of the book is centred on offering an Indian perspective to COVID-19 and its challenges. This book seeks to examine the pandemic largely from a 'national security perspective'. In doing so, it focuses mainly on India`s national security, which has been studied from a two-fold perspective: the politico-economic-strategic environment as impacted by COVID-19; and the criticality of non-traditional and traditional threats to India's security, in that order of priority. The essence of the volume lies in assessing the threats, challenges and opportunities that are likely to shape India's national security strategy in the post-pandemic world order. With its holistic approach, this book has nine chapters, which examines the need for India to prioritise: human security and environmental security in its national security; economic growth and sustainability in national policy; self-reliance as the key to success; taking a decisive role in global arena; re-appraisal of India's military thinking; the evolving role of the Indian Armed Forces; and use of technology for maximising security- all aimed to shape a better future for India. The book would be of interest to politicians, policy makers, diplomats, academia, medical fraternity, practitioners, security forces, and the people of the country.

Talks about the lesser known facts and accounts of the intrusions and the war from various commanders and officers, some of whom have also served during the conflict. The book has been divided into five parts. The first part titled, 'Blood, Guts and Glory,' briefly discusses the actual battles fought in Dras, Mushkoh, Batalik, Kaksar and Turtuk sub-sectors, to evict the Pakistani intruders from the dominating heights in the Kargil region. The aim was to restore the LoC to its originally held positions. The second part analyses the supporting forces which synergised the effort to victory, in the true spirit of 'Op Vijay'. In the third part, individual officers, associated with Kargil, have shared their perceptions and opinions about the Kargil conflict and the scenario after 20 years. The fourth part focuses on 'Motivation;' and reflects the saga of courage and valour of the Indian Armed Forces, and the junior leadership, during the summer of 1999. The fifth part, 'Emerging Challenges and the Way Ahead' looks at the emerging global-cum-regional scenario, the envisaged threats, our preparedness, and makes substantial recommendations to face the conflicts of the future. The forecasts provided by some of the most senior military officers of the country give a sneak peek into the emerging challenges of the future and India's preparatory responses to them. Given the emerging world order and the revolutionary changes in technology and character of conflicts, the book restates the fundamental focus of the Indian Armed forces: to be prepared to face the envisaged threats and challenges of the future.

This textbook is intended for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing courses in chemistry and allied fields. It includes fundamental concepts, equations involved in organic reactions, chemical bonds (ionic and covalent bonds), hybridization, representation of a chemical reaction and mechanism of organic reactions. The book also discusses the displacement of bonding electrons involving inductive effect, electromeric effect, mesomeric effect, hyperconjugative effect and resonance. A number of organic reactions involving formation of intermediates such as carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes and benzynes have also been included. It also discusses different types of reagents involved in a chemical reactions along with types of additional reactions and its detailed mechanism. The book also includes the use of pedagogical elements such as multiple choice questions and end of chapter exercises to aid self-learning among students

Need for this type of material has been strongly felt by the students studying chemistry at UG and PG levels for quite sometime and hence this product. Each title of the series is independent by itself and presupposes only a very little fore-knowledge for use. The content has been developed following a basic undergraduate and plus level, avoiding any sophistication and show of expertise.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Fundamental Concepts deals with the basic concepts which are very helpful for a simple and clear understanding of Organic Chemistry. These concepts include nomenclature and classification, hybridization, electronic and physical effects, hydrogen bonding, reaction intermediates, chemical reactions-basic principles, stereoisomerism and aromaticity. This book will be extremely helpful to B.Sc. General and Hons. Students of all universities and colleges.

GREEN CHEMISTRY: A Textbook is written especially in meet the requirements and undergraduate and postgraduate students in chemistry if various universities / Colleges. Green chemistry deals with environmentally benign chemical synthesis. Basic principles of green chemistry and how to plan a green synthesis have been discussed. Organic synthesis using benign green solvents like water, supercritical carbon dioxide ionic Liquids, polyethylene glycol and ferrous solvents. Organic synthesis using phase transter catalysts and ultra sound have also been incorporated. The use of green catalysts including biocatalysts and polymer supported reagents and solid state organic synthesis have been discussed. The book will be at immense use to students and researchers at all levels and also to chemists working in chemical industries.

HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY is written keeping in mind the requirements of graduate and postgraduate students and students appearing in various competitive examinations. It deals with the fundamentals of heterocyclic chemistry, including importance, classification and nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds. The book discusses chemistry (methods of synthesis, reactions and importance) of three-membered heterocyclic compounds (containing one or two heteroatoms), four-membered heterocyclic compounds, five membered heterocyclic compounds (containing one or two or more than two hetero atoms) alongwith their benzofused derivatives and six-membered heterocyclic compounds (containing one or more than O, N or S heteroatoms) alongwith their benzofused derivatives. The incorporation of pyridazine, pyrimidine and their derivatives alongwith their fused derivatives has special importance. Seven-membered heterocyclic compounds and meso-ionic heterocycles have also been included.

"Green Chemistry" deals with environmentally benign organic transformations. The book is divided into two parts. The first part deals with introduction, principles of green chemistry and planning a green synthesis. In the second part synthetic organic transformations in aqueous phase, solid phase, photochemical transformations, using phase transfer catalysts, using sonication, microwaves, enzymatic transformations, transformations in ionic liquids, polyethylene glycol and also transformations using polymer support reagents are discusses. Besides, some miscellaneous transformations are also described. The experimental details of a large number of transformations in all the above heads are given. This book will be extremely helpful to students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and also to research students, chemists and scientists engaged in research in the colleges, universities and industries.

This book, written for graduate and post-graduate chemistry students, provides an extensive coverage of various organic reactions, rearrangements and reagents, with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis. In the chapters on oxidation and reduction a summary of oxidation and reduction of organic compounds with the different reagents is given in a tabular form for the convenience of students. The most commonly encountered reaction intermediates are discussed in detail. The applications of organic reagents are illustrated with examples while the chapters on prericyclic reactions and photochemical reactions were included in the second and third editions, respectively, in this fourth edition a new chapter on solved problems has been added, to enable students evaluate their understanding of the topic. This book is also very useful for students taking competitive examinations.

This book, written explicitly for graduate and postgraduate students of chemistry, provides an extensive coverage of various organic reaction and rearrangements with emphasis on there application in synthesis. A summary of oxidation and reduction of organic compounds is given in tabular form (correlation tables) for the convenience of students. The most commonly encountered reaction intermediates are dealt with. Applications of organic reagents illustrated with examples and problems at the end of each chapter will enable students to evaluate their understanding of the topic.

This book discusses some of the reduction agents and processes involved in organic synthesis such as catalytic hydrogenation, homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, asymmetric catalytic hydrogenations, hydride transfer reagents, dissolving metal reductions, and non-metallic reducing agents. It further covers the topics of photochemical reductions, enzymatic or microbial reduction, reductions of specific type of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, hydrogenolysis, enzymatic or microbial reduction, and some reductions under benign condition. This book is of immense use to undergraduate and postgraduate students of organic chemistry. It is also a useful reference book for researchers involved in organic synthesis.

This textbook is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students in organic chemistry.  It describes the synthesis and properties of cycloalkanes compounds such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane and cycloheptatriene. It further covers the chemistry of ring compounds. The book also covers the reaction mechanisms of non-benzenoid aromatic compounds including annulenes, metallocenes and azulenes. It further contains discussions on tropone, tropolones, fluxional molecules, catenanes and rotaxanes. End-of-chapter exercises such as multiple-choice questions and short answer-questions help students in self-learning. This textbook is useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students in organic chemistry.

This book focuses on green conditions, such as reactions under microwave irradiation, sonication, and the use of different green solvents and green catalysts including PTC and crown ethers. It covers two of the most important carbon-carbon bond forming reactions: the Baylis-Hillman reaction and the Friedal-Crafts reaction. In addition to discussing normal conditions, the author also details the use of microwaves in water, ionic liquids, and PEG. It also details the aqueous phase, super critical CO2, other green solvents, and microwave irradiation for the Friedal-Crafts reaction. The text also addresses reactions in the solid state on photo irradiation and enzymes.