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Honorable Mention, 2014 Eduardo Bonilla-Silva Outstanding Book
Award presented by the Society for the Study of Social Problems
2012 Best Book Award, Latino/a Sociology Section, presented by the
American Sociological Association 2012 Finalist, C. Wright Mills
Book Award presented by the Study of Social Problems A classic
ethnography that reveals how urban police criminalize black and
Latino boys Victor Rios grew up in the ghetto of Oakland,
California in the 1980s and 90s. A former gang member and juvenile
delinquent, Rios managed to escape the bleak outcome of many of his
friends and earned a PhD at Berkeley and returned to his hometown
to study how inner city young Latino and African American boys
develop their sense of self in the midst of crime and intense
policing. Punished examines the difficult lives of these young men,
who now face punitive policies in their schools, communities, and a
world where they are constantly policed and stigmatized. Rios
followed a group of forty delinquent Black and Latino boys for
three years. These boys found themselves in a vicious cycle, caught
in a spiral of punishment and incarceration as they were harassed,
profiled, watched, and disciplined at young ages, even before they
had committed any crimes, eventually leading many of them to
fulfill the destiny expected of them. But beyond a fatalistic
account of these marginalized young men, Rios finds that the very
system that criminalizes them and limits their opportunities,
sparks resistance and a raised consciousness that motivates some to
transform their lives and become productive citizens. Ultimately,
he argues that by understanding the lives of the young men who are
criminalized and pipelined through the criminal justice system, we
can begin to develop empathic solutions which support these young
men in their development and to eliminate the culture of punishment
that has become an overbearing part of their everyday lives.
At fifteen, Victor Rios found himself a human target flat on his
ass amid a hail of shotgun fire, desperate for money and a place on
the street. Faced with the choice of escalating a drug turf war or
eking out a living elsewhere, he turned to a teacher, who mentored
him and helped him find a job at an auto shop. That job would alter
the course of his whole life putting him on the road to college and
eventually a PhD. Now, Rios is a rising star, hailed for his work
studying the lives of African American and Latino youth. In Human
Targets, Rios takes us to the streets of California, where we
encounter young men who find themselves in much the same situation
as fifteen-year-old Victor. We follow young gang members into
schools, homes, community organizations, and detention facilities,
watch them interact with police, grow up to become fathers, get
jobs, get rap sheets and in some cases get killed. What is it that
sets apart young people like Rios who succeed and survive from the
ones who don't? Rios makes a powerful case that the traditional
good kid/bad kid, street kid/decent kid dichotomy is much too
simplistic, arguing instead that authorities and institutions help
create these identities and that they can play an instrumental role
in providing young people with the resources for shifting between
roles. In Rios's account, to be a poor Latino youth is to be a
human target victimized and considered an enemy by others, viewed
as a threat to law enforcement and schools, and treated with
stigma, disrepute, and punishment. That has to change. This is not
another sensationalistic account of gang bangers. Instead, the book
is a powerful look at how authority figures succeed and fail at
seeing the multi-faceted identities of at-risk youths, youths who
succeed and fail at demonstrating to the system that they are ready
to change their lives. In our post-Ferguson era, Human Targets is
essential reading.
Honorable Mention, 2014 Eduardo Bonilla-Silva Outstanding Book
Award presented by the Society for the Study of Social Problems
2012 Best Book Award, Latino/a Sociology Section, presented by the
American Sociological Association 2012 Finalist, C. Wright Mills
Book Award presented by the Study of Social Problems A classic
ethnography that reveals how urban police criminalize black and
Latino boys Victor Rios grew up in the ghetto of Oakland,
California in the 1980s and 90s. A former gang member and juvenile
delinquent, Rios managed to escape the bleak outcome of many of his
friends and earned a PhD at Berkeley and returned to his hometown
to study how inner city young Latino and African American boys
develop their sense of self in the midst of crime and intense
policing. Punished examines the difficult lives of these young men,
who now face punitive policies in their schools, communities, and a
world where they are constantly policed and stigmatized. Rios
followed a group of forty delinquent Black and Latino boys for
three years. These boys found themselves in a vicious cycle, caught
in a spiral of punishment and incarceration as they were harassed,
profiled, watched, and disciplined at young ages, even before they
had committed any crimes, eventually leading many of them to
fulfill the destiny expected of them. But beyond a fatalistic
account of these marginalized young men, Rios finds that the very
system that criminalizes them and limits their opportunities,
sparks resistance and a raised consciousness that motivates some to
transform their lives and become productive citizens. Ultimately,
he argues that by understanding the lives of the young men who are
criminalized and pipelined through the criminal justice system, we
can begin to develop empathic solutions which support these young
men in their development and to eliminate the culture of punishment
that has become an overbearing part of their everyday lives.
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