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Discontinuous (first-order) phase transitions constitute the most
fundamental and widespread type of structural transitions existing
in Nature, forming a large majority of the transitions found in
elemental crystals, alloys, inorganic compounds, minerals and
complex fluids. Nevertheless, only a small part of them, namely,
weakly discontinuous transformations, were considered by
phenomenological theories, leaving aside the most interesting from
a theoretical point of view and the most important for application
cases. Discontinuous Phase Transitions in Condensed Matter
introduces a density-wave approach to phase transitions which
results in a unified, symmetry-based, model-free theory of the weak
crystallization of molecular mixtures to liquid-crystalline
mesophases, strongly discontinuous crystallization from molten
metals and alloys to conventional, fully segregated crystals, to
aperiodic, quasi-crystalline structures. Assembly of aperiodic
closed virus capsids with non-crystallographic symmetry also falls
into the domain of applicability of the density-wave approach.The
book also considers the applicability domains of the symmetry-based
approach in physics of low-dimensional systems. It includes
comparisons of stability of different surface superstructures and
metal monoatomic coverage structures on the surface of
single-crystalline substrates. The example of the twisted graphene
bilayer demonstrates how parametrization in the spirit of an
advanced phenomenological approach can establish
symmetry-controlled, and therefore model-free, links between
geometrical parameters of the twisted bilayer structure and
reconstruction of its Brillouin zone and energy bands.
V monografii predstavlena sistema kompleksnoy meditsinskoy
reabilitatsii bol'nykh s ozhogami vo vse periody ozhogovoy bolezni.
Pervyy etap - v protsesse vosstanovleniya kozhnogo pokrova, vtoroy
etap - v khode zaversheniya vosstanovleniya kozhnogo pokrova i
posle polnogo zakrytiya ranevykh poverkhnostey, tretiy etap
reabilitatsii - khirurgicheskoe ustranenie tyazhyelykh
kontraktur.Naryadu s izvestnymi metodami okazaniya
spetsializirovannoy pomoshchi bol'nym s ozhogami, v sistemu
reabilitatsii vklyucheny novye sposoby diagnostiki i lecheniya
postradavshikh, razrabotannye v Nizhegorodskom NII travmatologii i
ortopedii i podtverzhdyennye patentami. Monografiya prednaznachena
dlya kombustiologov, anesteziologov-reanimatologov, khirurgov i
travmatologov-ortopedov, zanimayushchikhsya lecheniem bol'nykh s
ozhogami.
This book deals with the phenomenological theory of first-order
structural phase transitions, with a special emphasis on
reconstructive transformations in which a group-subgroup
relationship between the symmetries of the phases is absent. It
starts with a unified presentation of the current approach to
first-order phase transitions, using the more recent results of the
Landau theory of phase transitions and of the theory of
singularities. A general theory of reconstructive phase transitions
is then formulated, in which the structures surrounding a
transition are expressed in terms of density-waves, providing a
natural definition of the transition order-parameters, and a
description of the corresponding phase diagrams and relevant
physical properties. The applicability of the theory is illustrated
by a large number of concrete examples pertaining to the various
classes of reconstructive transitions: allotropic transformations
of the elements, displacive and order-disorder transformations in
metals, alloys and related structures, crystal-quasicrystal
transformations.
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