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The authors of this volume review the issues involved in financing
the development of endogenous scientific and technological
capabilities in Third World countries and examine United Nations
global conferences with regard to the options they offer for new
international institution building. The authors also look at both
contemporary patterns and future alternatives for Third World
cooperation in science and technology for development and discuss
the significance of the UN Conference on Science and Technology for
Development (UNCSTD) for the advancement of women.
The third edition of this popular core textbook provides
wide-ranging coverage of the structure, internal working, policies
and performance of international organizations such as the UN, EU,
IMF and World Bank. Such organizations have never been so important
in addressing the challenges that face our increasingly globalised
world. This book introduces students to theories with which to
approach international organizations, their history, and their
ability to respond to contemporary issues in world politics from
nuclear disarmament, climate change and human rights protection, to
trade, monetary and financial relations, and international
development. Underpinning the text is the authors' unique model
that views international organizations as actual organizations.
Reacting to world events, political actors provide the 'inputs'
which are converted by the political systems of these organizations
(through various decision-making procedures) into 'outputs' that
achieve varying levels of real-world impact and effectiveness. This
is the perfect text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of
politics and international relations taking courses on
International organization and global governance, as well as
essential reading for those studying the UN, the EU and
Globalization. New to this Edition: - Draws on the most recent
research in the field and considers some of the significant world
events of the last decade to ensure that the book is completely up
to date. - Two separate chapters considering Trade and Development,
and Finance and Monetary Relations respectively. - Fully accounts
for the challenges to international organizations by the emerging
powers, the Trump administration and Brexit
International regimes have been a major focus of research in
international relations for over a decade. Three schools of thought
have shaped the discussion: realism, which treats power relations
as its key variable; neoliberalism, which bases its analysis on
constellations of interests; and cognitivism, which emphasizes
knowledge dynamics, communication, and identities. Each school
articulates distinct views on the origins, robustness, and
consequences of international regimes. This book examines each of
these contributions to the debate, taking stock of, and seeking to
advance, one of the most dynamic research agendas in contemporary
international relations. While the differences between realist,
neoliberal and cognitivist arguments about regimes are acknowledged
and explored, the authors argue that there is substantial scope for
progress toward an inter-paradigmatic synthesis.
phase two spanned the time from the late 1930's to about 1950
(Sohn's period III and Yalem's periods II and III). The literature
produced during these years revealed an ambivalent reaction toward
the apparent inability of international organizations, particularly
the League of Nations, to control violence or contribute to the
solution of conflicts among major powers. The advocates of a world
state saw vindicated their position that an even stronger tmiversal
supranational authority was required to assure the repression or
deterrence of international aggression. However, the 'realist'
position, laying claim to greater scientific validity, argued 'the
inlportance of political and ideo logical conflicts as barriers to
international cooperation' (Yalem, 1966: 2). The excellent analysis
by Ronald Rogowski (1968) shows how the twin positions of
'idealism' and 'realism' proceed from an identical paradigm of
world politics: a nation-state system with little or no integrative
superstructure. They differ, however, in their epistemological
outlook. The realists display a positivistic standpoint: taking the
inter national system and its premise, power politics, as
unalterable givens, they inquire into the feasibility of
international organization under these circumstances. The idea
lists adopt what one might call a critical approach toward social
analysis: they do not deny the positive validity of the realists'
fmdings, but they reject the notion that power politics is an
mlalterable impediment."
In 1995 the United Nations celebrated its 50th anniversary,
ensuring that public and scholarly interest in this increasingly
important field of international politics is particularly high at
this point in time. This two-volume set, reproducing official
documents in this field (such as charters, statutes, and other
legal instruments) provides easy access to the legal bases of
international organizations. As such, the set will be an invaluable
addition to the library of all scholars and practitioners of
international law.
In this volume, experts from the USA and Europe join forces for the first time for a rigorous exploration of the concept of international regimes. They discuss the fundamental conceptual and theoretical problems of regime analysis, study how regimes are formed and how they change, examine approaches to explaining the success or failure of attempts to form regimes, and look at the consequences of regimes for international relations.
How can sustainable peace be achieved? The book identifies
potential supranational, state and non-state actors involved in
peacebuilding processes. Further - more, it develops strategies to
address the problems and dilemmas of international peacebuilding.
An important contribution to a highly topical debate. Hopes for a
less conflict-prone world after the end of the Cold War were
bitterly disappointed. Instead, the international community is
faced with protracted wars and violent conflicts today. In
addition, social, economic and cultural insecurities as well as
fragile statehood challenge the post-Westphalian environment. As a
result, scholars and policy-makers alike are trying to develop
viable strategies for sustainable peace. The book contributes to
this debate, as it illustrates current research results on the
topic and addresses the complex problems and dilemmas that various
international peace - building actors are confronted with.
International regimes are "codes of conduct" agreed upon by states to govern their relations in specific areas of international politics. This book describes and critically examines the three most important theories of international regimes. These theories each stress a particular explanatory variable: realist theories emphasize state power; neoliberal theories focus on constellations of interests; and cognitivist theories are concerned with knowledge and ideas. The authors conclude by exploring the prospects for progress within this dynamic field by combining different theoretical approaches.
I. Die wissenschaftliche Erforschung der internationalen Politik,
der Konflikte iiber die Allokation von Werten und ihres Austrags
zwischen Staaten und Gesellschaften, von Krieg und Frieden steckt
mitten in einem theoretischen Umbruch. Die auf diesen Gegenstand
spezialisierte Disziplin "Internationale Beziehungen", eine
Teildisziplin der Politikwissenschaft, war bisher von der
US-amerikanischen Forschung in der Tradition des "Realismus" und
seiner verschiedenen Spielarten in starkem MaBe be- einfluBt.
Freilich war in der deutschsprachigen Wissenschaft von den
internationalen Beziehungen die Hegemonie des Realismus nie so
stark ausgepragt, daB nicht auch alternative Untersuchungsansatze
zu Worte gekommen waren. Ein gutes Beispiel hier- fUr findet sich
schon in dem ersten von der Sektion Internationale Politik der
Deutschen Vereinigung fUr Politische Wissenschaft veroffentlichten
Sammelband mit dem be- zeichnenden Titel "Die anachronistische
Souveranitat" (Czempiel 1969). Wahrend die an den Kategorien der
Macht und des Nationalinteresses, des Sicher- heitsdilemmas und der
Selbsthilfe in einer anarchischen Staatenwelt orientierte For-
schung iiber internationale Politik lange Zeit das Feld beherrschte
und auch heute noch mitpragt, haben sich in der jiingeren
Vergangenheit zunehmend andere Sicht- wei sen Geltung verschafft.
Dies gilt vor allem fUr die Analysen der internationalen
Interdependenz, der transnationalen Politik sowie der verschiedenen
Auspragungen von "international governance", die teils als
Erganzung, teils als Ersetzung von dem Realismus verpflichteten
Untersuchungsansatzen in allen Politikfeldern, allerdings mit
unterschiedlicher Intensitat, Anwendung fanden. In jiingster
Vergangenheit riickte zudem in das Zentrum des Forschungsinteresses
eine problem- bzw.
Antikommunistische Ideologie soli hier definiert werden als
herrschende Ideologie in doppel- tern Sinn: einerseits als Ausdruck
dominanter gesellschaftlicher Interessen, andererseits als auch von
den Beherrschten weitgehend akzeptiertes ErkHirungsmuster der
gesellschaftlichen Realitat. Vgl. zu diesem Verstandnis Nicos
Poulantzas, der zwischen der Ideologie der herr- schenden Klasse,
Ideologien mit anderem Klasseninhalt - getragen von anderen
gesellschaft- lichen Formationen - und der auch letztere Ideologien
beherrschenden dominanten Ideo- logie unterscheidet. Pouvoir
politique et classes sociales, Paris 1968, S. 223 ff. Allgemein
soli Ideologie verstanden werden als "System der gesellschaftlichen
( . . . ) Anschauungen, die bestimmte Klasseninteressen zum
Ausdruck bringen und entsprechende Verhaltensnor- men,
Einstellungen und Wertungen einschliet1en".
(Marxistisch-Leninistisches Worterbuch der Philosophie, hrsg. v.
Georg Klaus u. Manfred Buhr, Hamburg 1972, S. 504. ) 2
Dysfunktionalitat sowohl irn Hinblick auf die Abwendung einer
aut1enpolitischen Isolierung als auch im Hinblick auf die
Wahrnehmung von okonomischen Interessen; vgl. Claudia von
Braunmtihl, Kalter Krieg und friedliche Koexistenz, Frankfurt 1973.
3 Egbert Jahn, "Gesellschaftspolitische Implikationen der Konferenz
flir Sicherheit und Zusam- menarbeit in Europa", in:
Antimilitarismusinformation, III. Jg., 2/73, S. 35. 4 Dabei wird
darauf verzichtet, auf Aspekte ausflihrlich einzugehen, die
Gegenstand anderer Themenstellungcn innerhalb der Arbeitsgruppe
"Ostpolitik" sind. 5 Vgl. die zahlreichen einschlagigen Arbeiten
in: Eva Knobloch/Dieter Senghaas, "Ausgewahlte Bibliographie zur
Friedensforschung", in: E. Krippendorff (ed. ), Friedensforschung,
Koln- Berlin 1970, 2. Aufl., S. 564 ff.
Internationale Organisationen mit globaler oder regionaler
Reichweite (z.B. UN, IWF, Weltbank, WTO, EU) spielen eine zunehmend
wichtige Rolle bei der Schaffung und Implementierung von
internationalen Normen und Regeln, mithin bei Global Governance.
Die Sicherheit, das oekonomische Wohlergehen, der Schutz der
Menschenrechte und die oekologischen Lebensbedingungen von Menschen
weltweit werden von der Fahigkeit bzw. Unfahigkeit internationaler
Organisationen, Kooperation und Regieren jenseits des
Nationalstaates moeglich zu machen und zu stabilisieren,
beeinflusst. Das Lehrbuch will die Leserin bzw. den Leser daher
theoretisch informiert und empirisch fundiert mit den
Entstehungsbedingungen, der Entwicklung, Funktionsweise und den
Tatigkeiten internationaler Organisationen vertraut machen. Es
fuhrt in die wichtigsten Theorien uber internationale
Organisationen ein und bietet einen historischen UEberblick uber
internationale Organisationen in verschiedenen Politikfeldern. Das
Lehrbuch analysiert ferner die Akteure, Strukturen und Prozesse,
die die Entscheidungsfindung in internationalen Organisationen
pragen. Schliesslich werden die Tatigkeiten eines breiten Spektrums
internationaler Organisationen und deren Beitrag zur kooperativen
Bearbeitung grenzuberschreitender Probleme in den Sachbereichen
"Sicherheit", "Wirtschaft", "Umwelt" und "Menschenrechte"
untersucht.
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