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For centuries debates about reason and its Other have animated and
informed philosophy, art, science and politics throughout Western
civilization - but nowhere, arguably as deeply and turbulently as
in Germany. Reason, the legacy of the Enlightenment, has been
claimed, rejected and redefined by influential German thinkers from
Kant to Nietzsche to Habermas. In our own time - more than 200
years after Kant's Critique of Pure Reason - the status of reason
and the irrational, what is and what should be excluded from
reason, what qualifies as a critique of reason, are all still
central philosophical issues in Germany as well as throughout the
West.
Deploying a distinctive disaggregative approach to the study of
'religion', this volume shows that spiritual movements with
extensive counterfactual beliefs have been much more creative than
one might expect. Specifically, Wayne Hudson explores the
creativity of six spiritual movements: the Baha'is, a Persian
movement; Soka Gakkai, a Japanese movement; Ananda Marga and the
Brahma Kumaris, two reformed Hindu movements; and two controversial
American churches, The Church Universal and Triumphant and the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Most of these
movements have counterintuitive features that have led Western
scholars making Enlightenment assumptions to dismiss them as
irrational and/or inconsequential. However, this book reveals that
these movements have responded to modernity in ways that are
creative and practical, resulting in a wide range of social,
educational and cultural initiatives. Building on research
surrounding the ways in which spiritual movements engage in
cultural productions, this book takes the international research in
a new direction by exploring the utopian intentionality such
cultural productions reveal.
Interprets the works of an important group of writers known as 'the
English deists'. This title argues that this interpretation reads
Romantic conceptions of religious identity into a period in which
it was lacking. It contextualizes these writers within the early
Enlightenment, which was multivocal, plural and in search of self
definition.
The writers known as the English deists were not simply religious
controversialists, but agents of reform who contributed to the
emergence of modernity. This title claims that these writers
advocated a failed ideology which itself declined after 1730. It
argues for an evolution of their ideas into a more modern form.
Given the central role played by religion in early-modern Britain,
it is perhaps surprising that historians have not always paid close
attention to the shifting and nuanced subtleties of terms used in
religious controversies. In this collection particular attention is
focussed upon two of the most contentious of these terms: 'atheism'
and 'deism', terms that have shaped significant parts of the
scholarship on the Enlightenment. This volume argues that in the
seventeenth and eighteenth century atheism and deism involved fine
distinctions that have not always been preserved by later scholars.
The original deployment and usage of these terms were often more
complicated than much of the historical scholarship suggests.
Indeed, in much of the literature static definitions are often
taken for granted, resulting in depictions of the past constructed
upon anachronistic assumptions. Offering reassessments of the
historical figures most associated with 'atheism' and 'deism' in
early modern Britain, this collection opens the subject up for
debate and shows how the new historiography of deism changes our
understanding of heterodox religious identities in Britain from
1650 to 1800. It problematises the older view that individuals were
atheist or deists in a straightforward sense and instead explores
the plurality and flexibility of religious identities during this
period. Drawing on the most recent scholarship, the volume enriches
the debate about heterodoxy, offering new perspectives on a range
of prominent figures and providing an overview of major changes in
the field.
This wide-ranging volume explores the impact of globalization upon
citizenship, with a special focus on the transnational challenges
that globalization poses. While there is much debate over the
concept, globalization implies at least two distinct phenomena.
First, it suggests that political, economic and social activities
are becoming increasingly inter-regional or intercontinental in
scope. Secondly, it suggests that there has been an intensification
of levels of interaction and interconnectedness between states and
societies. Citizenship, as one of the foundational concepts of the
modern liberal democratic states, provides the normative framework
within which globalization debates may be understood and evaluated.
It also examines how different concepts, theories and practices of
citizenship are evolving in response to globalization. Central
questions explored in this text are: * How does globalization
challenge traditional conceptions of citizenship in specific
respects? * How is globalization creating new citizenships or new
civil society spaces? * How is transnational citizenship developing
and what problems are associated with it in specific areas?
Discussing the theoretical and practical prospects for new forms of
liberal, republican and cosmopolitan citizenship, Globalisation and
Citizenship will appeal to students and scholars in the fields of
international relations, globalization, sociology and political
science.
The writers known as the English deists were not simply religious
controversialists, but agents of reform who contributed to the
emergence of modernity. This title claims that these writers
advocated a failed ideology which itself declined after 1730. It
argues for an evolution of their ideas into a more modern form.
Interprets the works of an important group of writers known as 'the
English deists'. This title argues that this interpretation reads
Romantic conceptions of religious identity into a period in which
it was lacking. It contextualizes these writers within the early
Enlightenment, which was multivocal, plural and in search of self
definition.
This wide-ranging volume explores the impact of globalization upon
citizenship, with a special focus on the transnational challenges
that globalization poses. While there is much debate over the
concept, globalization implies at least two distinct phenomena.
First, it suggests that political, economic and social activities
are becoming increasingly inter-regional or intercontinental in
scope. Secondly, it suggests that there has been an intensification
of levels of interaction and interconnectedness between states and
societies. Citizenship, as one of the foundational concepts of the
modern liberal democratic states, provides the normative framework
within which globalization debates may be understood and evaluated.
It also examines how different concepts, theories and practices of
citizenship are evolving in response to globalization. Central
questions explored in this text are: * How does globalization
challenge traditional conceptions of citizenship in specific
respects? * How is globalization creating new citizenships or new
civil society spaces? * How is transnational citizenship developing
and what problems are associated with it in specific areas?
Discussing the theoretical and practical prospects for new forms of
liberal, republican and cosmopolitan citizenship, Globalisation and
Citizenship will appeal to students and scholars in the fields of
international relations, globalization, sociology and political
science.
Politically, Islam in Indonesia is part of a rich multi-cultural
mix. Religious tolerance is seen as the cornerstone of relations
between different faiths - and moderation is built into the
country's constitutional framework. However, the advent of
democracy coupled with the impact of the South-East Asian economic
collapse in 1997, and the arrival of a tough new breed of Middle
Eastern Islamic preachers, sowed the seeds of the current challenge
to Indonesia's traditionally moderate form of Islam. This volume
explores the extent to which moderate Indonesian Islam is able to
assimilate leading concepts from Western political theory. The
essays in the collection explore how concepts from Western
political theory are compatible with a liberal interpretation of
Islamic universals and how such universals can form the basis for a
contemporary approach to the protection of human rights and the
articulation of a modern Islamic civil society.
In East and Southeast Asia, the creation of civil society is a
crucial yet most difficult issue. Europeans have had the luxury of
centuries in a slow-moving world characterised by weak governments
in which the foundation institutions, norms and values of civil
society could ferment and develop. Asia, however, faces this task
when a nation's currency can devalue in seconds, destabilising its
government, and when states have far more effective means of
surveillance, suppression and terror. This book examines these
issues and shows that a better understanding of civil society in
the Asian context is central to promoting contemporary political,
social and economic reform in Asia. It will appeal to students and
teachers of politics, law and sociology because it provides new
perspectives on how to understand civil society drawing on Asian
examples, as well as indications for rethinking what civil society
means in Asia. Individual chapters combine theoretical and
empirical issues in a way which fills a major gap in the
literature. Henceforth, works about 'civil society' will need to
take more account of the Asian evidence and Asianists will need to
have a clear idea of what civil society in Asia means.
Politically, Islam in Indonesia is part of a rich multi-cultural
mix. Religious tolerance is seen as the cornerstone of relations
between different faiths - and moderation is built into the
country's constitutional framework. However, the advent of
democracy coupled with the impact of the South-East Asian economic
collapse in 1997, and the arrival of a tough new breed of Middle
Eastern Islamic preachers, sowed the seeds of the current challenge
to Indonesia's traditionally moderate form of Islam. This volume
explores the extent to which moderate Indonesian Islam is able to
assimilate leading concepts from Western political theory. The
essays in the collection explore how concepts from Western
political theory are compatible with a liberal interpretation of
Islamic universals and how such universals can form the basis for a
contemporary approach to the protection of human rights and the
articulation of a modern Islamic civil society.
In East and Southeast Asia, the creation of civil society is a
crucial yet most difficult issue. Europeans have had the luxury of
centuries in a slow-moving world characterised by weak governments
in which the foundation institutions, norms and values of civil
society could ferment and develop. Asia, however, faces this task
when a nation's currency can devalue in seconds, destabilising its
government, and when states have far more effective means of
surveillance, suppression and terror. This book examines these
issues and shows that a better understanding of civil society in
the Asian context is central to promoting contemporary political,
social and economic reform in Asia. It will appeal to students and
teachers of politics, law and sociology because it provides new
perspectives on how to understand civil society drawing on Asian
examples, as well as indications for rethinking what civil society
means in Asia. Individual chapters combine theoretical and
empirical issues in a way which fills a major gap in the
literature. Henceforth, works about 'civil society' will need to
take more account of the Asian evidence and Asianists will need to
have a clear idea of what civil society in Asia means.
The notion of citizenship is now being taken up internationally as
a way to rethink questions of social cohesion and social justice.
In Europe the concept of national identity is under close scrutiny,
while the pressures of globalizing markets and the power of
transnational corporations everywhere raise questions about the
true place and meaning of citizenship in civil society. In
Australia, a traditional view of citizens belonging to a single
nation made up of one people, with a special relationship to one
land, has been thrown open to challenge by a range of differing
perspectives. Rethinking Australian Citizenship considers the major
debates. Some chapters look at contemporary theoretical debates,
while others 'reinvent' Australian citizenship from a particular
perspective on civil life. The result is a rich and coherent volume
that shows the diverse ways in which Australian citizenship can be
rethought.
The notion of citizenship is now being taken up internationally as
a way to rethink questions of social cohesion and social justice.
In Europe the concept of national identity is under close scrutiny,
while the pressures of globalizing markets and the power of
transnational corporations everywhere raise questions about the
true place and meaning of citizenship in civil society. In
Australia, a traditional view of citizens belonging to a single
nation made up of one people, with a special relationship to one
land, has been thrown open to challenge by a range of differing
perspectives. Rethinking Australian Citizenship considers the major
debates. Some chapters look at contemporary theoretical debates,
while others 'reinvent' Australian citizenship from a particular
perspective on civil life. The result is a rich and coherent volume
that shows the diverse ways in which Australian citizenship can be
rethought.
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