How to draw plausible conclusions from uncertain and conflicting sources of evidence is one of the major intellectual challenges of Artificial Intelligence. It is a prerequisite of the smart technology needed to help humans cope with the information explosion of the modern world. In addition, computational modelling of uncertain reasoning is a key to understanding human rationality. Previous computational accounts of uncertain reasoning have fallen into two camps: purely symbolic and numeric. This book represents a major advance by presenting a unifying framework which unites these opposing camps. The Incidence Calculus can be viewed as both a symbolic and a numeric mechanism. Numeric values are assigned indirectly to evidence via the possible worlds in which that evidence is true. This facilitates purely symbolic reasoning using the possible worlds and numeric reasoning via the probabilities of those possible worlds. Moreover, the indirect assignment solves some difficult technical problems, like the combinat ion of dependent sources of evidcence, which had defeated earlier mechanisms. Weiru Liu generalises the Incidence Calculus and then compares it to a succes sion of earlier computational mechanisms for uncertain reasoning: Dempster-Shafer Theory, Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance, Probabilis tic Logic, Rough Sets, etc. She shows how each of them is represented and interpreted in Incidence Calculus. The consequence is a unified mechanism which includes both symbolic and numeric mechanisms as special cases. It provides a bridge between symbolic and numeric approaches, retaining the advantages of both and overcoming some of their disadvantages."

This two volume set of LNAI 11061 and LNAI 11062 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2018, held in Changchun, China, in August 2018. The 62 revised full papers and 26 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 262 submissions. The papers of the first volume are organized in the following topical sections: text mining and document analysis; image and video data analysis; data processing and data mining; recommendation algorithms and systems; probabilistic models and applications; knowledge engineering applications; and knowledge graph and knowledge management. The papers of the second volume are organized in the following topical sections: constraints and satisfiability; formal reasoning and ontologies; deep learning; network knowledge representation and learning; and social knowledge analysis and management.

This two volume set of LNAI 11061 and LNAI 11062 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2018, held in Changchun, China, in August 2018. The 62 revised full papers and 26 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 262 submissions. The papers of the first volume are organized in the following topical sections: text mining and document analysis; image and video data analysis; data processing and data mining; recommendation algorithms and systems; probabilistic models and applications; knowledge engineering applications; and knowledge graph and knowledge management. The papers of the second volume are organized in the following topical sections: constraints and satisfiability; formal reasoning and ontologies; deep learning; network knowledge representation and learning; and social knowledge analysis and management.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management, SUM 2013, held in Washington, DC, USA, in September 2013. The 26 revised full papers and 3 revised short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. The papers cover topics in all areas of managing and reasoning with substantial and complex kinds of uncertain, incomplete or inconsistent information including applications in decision support systems, machine learning, negotiation technologies, semantic web applications, search engines, ontology systems, information retrieval, natural language processing, information extraction, image recognition, vision systems, data and text mining, and the consideration of issues such as provenance, trust, heterogeneity, and complexity of data and knowledge.

How to draw plausible conclusions from uncertain and conflicting sources of evidence is one of the major intellectual challenges of Artificial Intelligence. It is a prerequisite of the smart technology needed to help humans cope with the information explosion of the modern world. In addition, computational modelling of uncertain reasoning is a key to understanding human rationality. Previous computational accounts of uncertain reasoning have fallen into two camps: purely symbolic and numeric. This book represents a major advance by presenting a unifying framework which unites these opposing camps. The Incidence Calculus can be viewed as both a symbolic and a numeric mechanism. Numeric values are assigned indirectly to evidence via the possible worlds in which that evidence is true. This facilitates purely symbolic reasoning using the possible worlds and numeric reasoning via the probabilities of those possible worlds. Moreover, the indirect assignment solves some difficult technical problems, like the combinat ion of dependent sources of evidcence, which had defeated earlier mechanisms. Weiru Liu generalises the Incidence Calculus and then compares it to a succes sion of earlier computational mechanisms for uncertain reasoning: Dempster-Shafer Theory, Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance, Probabilis tic Logic, Rough Sets, etc. She shows how each of them is represented and interpreted in Incidence Calculus. The consequence is a unified mechanism which includes both symbolic and numeric mechanisms as special cases. It provides a bridge between symbolic and numeric approaches, retaining the advantages of both and overcoming some of their disadvantages."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Soft-Ware 2002, held in Belfast, North Ireland in April 2002.The 24 revised full papers presented together with seven abstracts of invited presentations and the summary of a panel were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. All presentations are devoted to the effective handling of soft issues in the design, development, and operation of computing systems, from an academic research point of view as well as from the point of view of industrial practice. The papers aim at integrating an interdisciplinary range of disciplines including artificial intelligence, information systems, software engineering, and systems engineering.