Almost all bodily functions are dependent on activity of the autonomic nervous system - from the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, the evacuative and sexual organs, to the regulation of temperature, metabolism and tissue defence. Balanced functioning of each aspect of this system is an important basis of our life and well-being. In this long-awaited second edition, the author, a leading figure in this field, provides an up-to-date and detailed description of the cellular and integrative organization of the autonomic nervous system, covering both peripheral and central aspects. The book exposes modern neurobiological concepts that allow us to understand why this system normally runs so smoothly and why its deterioration has such disastrous consequences. This broad overview will appeal to researchers and advanced undergraduate students of the various biological and medical sciences studying how the autonomic nervous system works and to clinicians and physical therapists whose practice involves systems dependent on autonomic functions.

Painful disorders following injury ofperipheral nerves; bones and othersoft tissueshaveoccurredfrom theearliesttimesofhuman existence. Ambroise ParewascalledupontotreatthepersistentpainexperiencedbyKing Charles IXwhich wascausedbyalancetwound. Thepainwaspersistent,diffuseand associatedwithcontractureofmuscles. Thekingcouldneitherflexnorextend hisarmforamonth untilthepainfmally disappeared WeirMitchell, G.R.Moorehouse,andW.W.Keeneproducedamonumental treatisein 1864titled"GunshotWoundsandOtherInjuriesofNerves,"which containedan account ofsymptoms and signs ofperipheral nerve injuries as observed in Unionist Soldiers. After 1864, however, little mention ofthis condition wasmade during peacetimeuntil a spateofarticlesappearedagain afterWorldWarOneandTwo. With the formation ofsocieties such as International Association for the Study of Pain, renewed interest has been shown in understanding the mechanismsandmanagementofpainsyndromes. Paincausedbysympathetic disordershasalwayscaughtthefancyofclinicians, andyetconfusionexistsas tothe etiologyandpropertreatmentofreflexsympathetic dystrophy. Many new names have been proposed for these syndromes; recent ones include sympatheticallyornonsympatheticallymaintained pain. Taxonomy ofThe International Association for the Study ofPain lists causalgia and reflex sympathetic syndromes as two distinct entities. All clinicians seem to feel that pain relieved by a diagnostic sympathetic block should be labeled as causalgia or reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Similarly, numerous therapeuticmodalitieshavebeenproposed. Theyallcenteraround sympathetic denervation of some sort, pharmacologically, chemically, or surgically. Inspiteofagreatadvanceinourunderstandingofpainmechanism in the last quarter century, we are no closer to improving the outcome of patientswithsevere reflexsympatheticdystrophy. Etiologyand incidenceis xvi Serieseditorforeword still unclear. Diagnosis is made late and treatment is not standardized Clinicians whotreatcausalgiaandreflexsympatheticdystrophyhavedifferent treatmentsbasedupon their background and experience,ratherthan on the mechanism ofthesyndrome itself. ThetimeisopportunenowtogathersomeunbiasedthoughtsonRSDand clem- the air. Our editors, in particular Michael Stanton-Hicks, needto be congratulatedfor organizing a timely symposium onthesubject and inviting international expertsto discuss the pathophysiology and treatmentofRSD. Whatfollowsinthismonograph isaclear,concisepresentationanddiscussion ofnomenclature, etiology, incidence, mechanism, treatment, and outcome of RSD.

Again rapid advances in the brain sciences have made it necessary, after only a few years, to issue a revised edition of this text. All the chapters have been reviewed and brought up to date, and some have been largely rewritten. The major revision has occurred in the chap ters on the autonomic nervous system and the integrative functions of the central nervous system. But in the discussion of the motor systems and other subjects as well, recent insights have necessitated certain conceptual modifications. In the description of the autonomic nervous system, the role of the intestinal innervation has been brought out more clearly than before. In addition, there is a new presentation of the physiology of smooth muscle fibers, and more attention has been paid to the postsynaptic adrenergic receptors, because of the increasing therapeutic signifi cance of the at f3 receptor concept. A substantial section on the genital reflexes in man and woman, including the extragenital changes during copulation, has also been added. The text on the integrative functions of the central nervous system has been expanded to include, for the first time, material on brain metabolism and blood flow and their dependence on the activity of the brain. Reference is also made to recent results of research on split brain and aphasic patients and on memory, as well as on the physiol ogy of sleeping and dreaming.

Almost all bodily functions are dependent on activity of the autonomic nervous system - from the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, the evacuative and sexual organs, to the regulation of temperature, metabolism and tissue defence. Balanced functioning of each aspect of this system is an important basis of our life and well-being. In this long-awaited second edition, the author, a leading figure in this field, provides an up-to-date and detailed description of the cellular and integrative organization of the autonomic nervous system, covering both peripheral and central aspects. The book exposes modern neurobiological concepts that allow us to understand why this system normally runs so smoothly and why its deterioration has such disastrous consequences. This broad overview will appeal to researchers and advanced undergraduate students of the various biological and medical sciences studying how the autonomic nervous system works and to clinicians and physical therapists whose practice involves systems dependent on autonomic functions.

The Science and Clinical Application of Manual Therapy is a multi-disciplinary, international reference book based on work by the top basic science researchers and clinical researchers in the area of Manual Therapy and Manual Medicine (MT/MM). The first book to bring together research on the benefits of MT/MM beyond the known effects on musculoskeletal disorders, the volume presents evidence of the benefit of MT/MM in treating systemic disorders. This book makes a powerful case for how MT/MM affects the central nervous system and the autonomic effector systems (the circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal systems, and pelvic organs) which impact on a person's health. The volume covers how MT/MM works and details the conditions - such as chronic skeletal and visceral pain diseases, asthma, pneumonia, and cardiovascular deregulation - that can benefit from it. Longstanding theoretical models of MT/MM mechanisms are critically assessed in the light of current understanding of physiological and neurophysiological function, and the influences of psychological and cortical processes on the effects of MT/MM are explored. The book, which is divided into four main sections, will appeal to osteopathic physicians, osteopaths, chiropractors, physical therapists and massage therapists, as well as all body workers/health practitioners who use their hands in health care. It will be of particular value to all practitioners involved in treatment of chronic pain disorders as well as those involved in basic and clinical research in this field. Authored by the leading multidisciplinary basic science and clinical researchers from throughout the world Describes research confirming benefit of MT for musculoskeletal disorders (which helps provide a rational for greater utilization of manual therapy and reimbursement for this healthcare service) Presents the latest findings on the beneficial effect of MT on systemic disorders including asthma, pneumonia, otitis media, heart rate dysfunction and GI disturbance Critically assesses longstanding theoretical models of MT/MM mechanisms with respect to the current understanding of physiological and neurophysiological function Explores the influences of psychological and cortical processes on the effects of MT/MM, including the effect of placebo Uniquely presents research findings from all the manual therapy professions and scientists making the case for the benefits of MT The symposium from which the book was derived was supported by the NIH National Center for Complimentary and Alternative Medicine