The renowned authors of this ECFR special volume systematically develop legal standards and regulatory frameworks for closed corporations in Europe (including of course the Societas Privata Europaea), putting a strong focus on the economic practice and efficiency. The profound, in-depth analysis of the objectives and strategies comes to groundbreaking insights and also offers specific solutions for a multitude of practical aspects.

Academic research shows that well-known principal-agent and capital market problems are strongly influenced by tax considerations. Against this background, this volume is the first to present a fully-fledged overview of the interdependence of tax and corporate governance. Not only the basic political, legal and economic questions but also major topics like income measurement, shareholding structures, corporate social responsibility and tax shelter disclosure are covered.

This book is a compilation of contributions exploring the impact of the European Treaty provisions regarding state aid on Member States' legislation and administrative practice in the area of business taxation. Starting from a detailed analysis of the European Courts' jurisprudence on Art.107 TFEU the authors lay out fundamental issues - e.g. on legal concepts like "advantage", "selectivity" and "discrimination" - and explore current problems - in particular policy and practice regarding "harmful" tax competition within the European Union. This includes the Member States' Code of Conduct on business taxation, the limits to anti-avoidance legislation and the options for legislation on patent boxes. The European Commission's recent findings on preferential "rulings" are discussed as well as the general relationship between international tax law, transfer pricing standards and the European prohibition on selective fiscal aids.

Preface This book contains the proceedings of the International Tax Conference on the c- th th mon consolidated corporate tax base (CCCTB) that was held in Berlin on 15 - 16 may 2007. The conference was jointly organised by the German Federal Ministry of Finance, the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim, and the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, Munich. More than 250 participants from all over Europe and other regions, scholars, politicians, business people and tax administrators, discussed the Eu- pean Commission's proposal to establish a CCCTB. Three panels of tax experts evaluated the common tax base with respect to structural elements, consolidation, allocation, international aspects and administration. The conference made clear that the CCCTB has the potential to overcome some of the most intriguing problems of corporate income taxation within the Common Market. Common tax accounting rules substantially reduce compliance and administrative costs. Consolidation of a group's profits and losses effects cro- border loss compensation which removes a major tax obstacle for European cro- border investment. At the same time, tax planning with respect to financing and transfer pricing is pushed back within the European Union. Moreover, as far as the CCCTB applies, member states are able to remove tax provisions that are targeted at cross border tax evasion and that might be challenged by the jurisdiction of the Eu- pean Court of Justice.

The contributions to this volume try to overcome the traditional approach of the judicature of the European Court of Justice regarding the application of the fundamental freedoms in direct taxation that is largely built on a non-discrimination test. In this volume, outstanding authors cover various aspects of the national and international tax order when European law meets domestic taxation. This includes testing traditional pillars of income taxation ability-to-pay, source and residence, abuse of law, arm s length standard with respect to their place in the emerging European tax order as well as substantial matters of co-existence between different tax systems that are not covered by the non-discrimination approach such as mutual recognition, cross-border loss compensation or avoidance of double taxation.

The overarching goal is to flesh out the extent to which a substantive allocation of taxing powers within the European Union is on its way to a convincing overall framework and to stretch the discussion beyond discrimination .

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. It is offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book undertakes a fundamental review of the existing international system of taxing business profit. It steps back from the current political debates on how to combat profit shifting and how taxing rights over the profits of the digitalized economy should be allocated. Instead, it starts from first principles to ask how we should evaluate a tax on business profit-and whether there is any good rationale for such a tax in the first place. It then goes on to evaluate the existing system and a number of alternatives that have been proposed. It argues that the existing system is fundamentally flawed, and that there is a need for radical reform. The key conclusion from the analysis is that there would be significant gains from a reform that moved the system towards taxing profit in the country in which a business made its sales to third parties. That conclusion informs two proposals that are put forward in detail and evaluated: the Residual Profit Allocation by Income (RPAI) and the Destination-based Cash Flow Tax (DBCFT). The book is authored by group of economists and lawyers-the Oxford International Tax Group, chaired by Michael P. Devereux. It draws insights from both economics and law-including economic theory, empirical evidence on the impact of taxes, and an examination of practical issues of implementation-to assess the existing system and to consider fundamental reforms. This book will be useful to tax policy makers, tax professionals, academics, and anyone interested in tax policy.

Academic research shows that well-known principal-agent and capital market problems are strongly influenced by tax considerations. Against this background, this volume is the first to present a fully-fledged overview of the interdependence of tax and corporate governance. Not only the basic political, legal and economic questions but also major topics like income measurement, shareholding structures, corporate social responsibility and tax shelter disclosure are covered.

The taxation of multinational corporate groups has become a major concern in the academic and political debate on the future of international taxation. In particular the arm's length standard for the determination of transfer prices is under increasing pressure.
Many countries and international bodies are now taking a closer look at the use of transfer prices for profit shifting and are exploring alternative mechanisms such as formulary apportionment for the allocation of taxing rights.
With regard to this topic, this volume is the first to offer a concise analysis of transfer pricing in the international tax arena from an interdisciplinary legal and economic point of view. Fundamentals such as the efficient allocation of resources within multi-unit firms and distortions between different goals of transfer pricing as well as different aspects of it in tax and corporate law, the traditional OECD approach and practical aspects concerning intangibles, capital and risk allocation are covered by outstanding authors.

Das Werk widmet sich einem zunehmend fuhlbaren Konflikt unseres Unternehmensrechts. Einerseits werden Unternehmen auf der Grundlage europaischen und deutschen Rechts steigenden Publizitatspflichten unterworfen. In der Praxis werden diese Unternehmensdaten andererseits vielfach von Konkurrenten, Zulieferern oder Abnehmern genutzt, um ihre eigene Wettbewerbssituation gegenuber dem offen legenden Unternehmen zu verbessern. Das Buch analysiert die zivilrechtlichen, kartellrechtlichen, verfassungsrechtlichen und europarechtlichen Grundlagen, beschreibt die handels- und gesellschaftsrechtlichen Regelungen und schlagt vor dem Hintergrund einer oekonomischen Analyse von Offenlegungspflichten neue Regelungen vor, z. B. die weitgehende Zuruckfuhrung der Publizitatspflicht von nicht-boersennotierten Unternehmen sowie die Nutzung von Schutzklauseln bei boersennotierten Unternehmen.

Das Buch liefert einen Uberblick uber die Zukunftsfragen des deutschen Steuerrechts und uber mogliche Entwicklungslinien. Im Einzelnen werden die Zukunft des deutschen Steuerverfahrens, die Wirkung von EG-Grundrechten, Moglichkeiten zur Missbrauchsbekampfung, Steuerwettbewerbsfragen sowie weitere verfassungs- und europarechtliche Fragen behandelt. Gegenstand ist der Gestaltungsspielraum des deutschen Gesetzgebers mit Beispielen aus dem Umsatzsteuerrecht, Erbrecht, der Verlustberucksichtigung und Sonderregelungen wie der Zinsschranke."

The examination systematically addresses the typical areas of conflict with regard to a closed corporation. In do so, legally-based comparative experience and findings from business economics are applied, while the European private company is consistently taken into account.

In diesem Band stellen fuhrende Vertreter der Finanzgerichtsbarkeit, der Unternehmens- und der Beraterpraxis ihre Vorschlage fur die Reform einzelner steuerrechtlicher Sachgebiete vor. Das Themenspektrum reicht von unternehmenssteuerrechtlichen Fragen - nach der Zukunft des Massgeblichkeitsprinzips, der Rechtsformneutralitat zwischen Personen- und Kapitalgesellschaften, den Verlustvortragsmoeglichkeiten bei Kapitalgesellschaften und der Hinzurechnungsbesteuerung - uber die Abgeltungssteuer bis hin zur Digitalisierung der Finanzverwaltung und der Finanzgerichtsbarkeit. Indem er eine Vielzahl konkreter Gestaltungsideen fur die aktuellen Reformdiskussionen vereint, ist dieser Band fur Rechtswissenschaft und Steuerpolitik gleichermassen relevant.

Das vorliegende Werk enthalt Abhandlungen fuhrender Steuerrechtswissenschaftler der jungeren Generation zu aktuellen Fragen des deutschen Steuerrechts. Die Aufsatze gehen auf Vortrage zuruck, die im Rahmen der dritten Veranstaltungsreihe des Max-Planck-Instituts fur Steuerrecht und OEffentliche Finanzen zu "Zukunftsfragen" des deutschen Steuerrechts prasentiert worden sind. Der Inhaltsreichtum und die methodische Bandbreite der Untersuchungen zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Vielfalt aus. So reichen die behandelten Themen von der Zukunft der Zinsschranke und einer Renaissance der Soll-Ertragsbesteuerung uber die Privatisierung der Steuerverwaltung sowie die Zukunft des Steuerstrafrechts bis hin zu Fragen des Insolvenzsteuerrechts und der internationalen Kapitaleinkommensbesteuerung. Bereits die Vorgangerpublikationen haben hohe Beachtung in Wissenschaft und Praxis gefunden.

This book is a compilation of contributions exploring the impact of the European Treaty provisions regarding state aid on Member States' legislation and administrative practice in the area of business taxation. Starting from a detailed analysis of the European Courts' jurisprudence on Art.107 TFEU the authors lay out fundamental issues - e.g. on legal concepts like "advantage", "selectivity" and "discrimination" - and explore current problems - in particular policy and practice regarding "harmful" tax competition within the European Union. This includes the Member States' Code of Conduct on business taxation, the limits to anti-avoidance legislation and the options for legislation on patent boxes. The European Commission's recent findings on preferential "rulings" are discussed as well as the general relationship between international tax law, transfer pricing standards and the European prohibition on selective fiscal aids.

Wolfgang Schoen: Eigenkapital und Fremdkapital - eine steuerpolitische Analyse.- Johannes Becker und Nadja Dwenger: Die Besteuerung von Fremd- und Eigenkapitalaus oekonomischer Sicht.- Christian Marquart: Steuerinduzierte Fremdfinanzierung von Unternehmen und Wege der Begrenzung des Zinsabzugs.- Alexander Jehlin: Die Quellenbesteuerungspolitik fur grenzuberschreitende Zinszahlungen zwischen Industrie- und Entwicklungslandern - mit besonderer Betrachtung der BRIC-Staaten.- Marta Oliveros Castelon: 5 Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht Brasiliens.- Tobias Beuchert und Philipp Redeker: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und GesellschaftsrechtDeutschlands.- Christine Osterloh-Konrad und Nadia Lagdali: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht Frankreichs.- Andreas Bakrozis und Natalia Paxinou: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht Griechenlands.- Martin Boer: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht der Niederlande.- Sabine Heidenbauer und Astrid Roesener: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht OEsterreichs.- Carsten Hohmann und Lukas Muller: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht der Schweiz.- Carlo Pohlhausen und Erik Roeder: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht des Vereinigten Koenigreichs.- Andreas Gerten, Maximilian Haag und Daniel Kornack: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika.- Karin E.M. Kopp (geb. Beck): Eigenkapital, Fremdkapital und hybride Finanzierungen im internationalen Steuerrecht.

The contributions to this volume try to overcome the traditional approach of the judicature of the European Court of Justice regarding the application of the fundamental freedoms in direct taxation that is largely built on a non-discrimination test. In this volume, outstanding authors cover various aspects of the national and international tax order when European law meets domestic taxation. This includes testing traditional pillars of income taxation - ability-to-pay, source and residence, abuse of law, arm's length standard - with respect to their place in the emerging European tax order as well as substantial matters of co-existence between different tax systems that are not covered by the non-discrimination approach such as mutual recognition, cross-border loss compensation or avoidance of double taxation. The overarching goal is to flesh out the extent to which a substantive "allocation of taxing powers" within the European Union is on its way to a convincing overall framework and to stretch the discussion "beyond discrimination".

The taxation of multinational corporate groups has become a major concern in the academic and political debate on the future of international taxation. In particular the arm's length standard for the determination of transfer prices is under increasing pressure.
Many countries and international bodies are now taking a closer look at the use of transfer prices for profit shifting and are exploring alternative mechanisms such as formulary apportionment for the allocation of taxing rights.
With regard to this topic, this volume is the first to offer a concise analysis of transfer pricing in the international tax arena from an interdisciplinary legal and economic point of view. Fundamentals such as the efficient allocation of resources within multi-unit firms and distortions between different goals of transfer pricing as well as different aspects of it in tax and corporate law, the traditional OECD approach and practical aspects concerning intangibles, capital and risk allocation are covered by outstanding authors.

Preface This book contains the proceedings of the International Tax Conference on the c- th th mon consolidated corporate tax base (CCCTB) that was held in Berlin on 15 - 16 may 2007. The conference was jointly organised by the German Federal Ministry of Finance, the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim, and the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, Munich. More than 250 participants from all over Europe and other regions, scholars, politicians, business people and tax administrators, discussed the Eu- pean Commission's proposal to establish a CCCTB. Three panels of tax experts evaluated the common tax base with respect to structural elements, consolidation, allocation, international aspects and administration. The conference made clear that the CCCTB has the potential to overcome some of the most intriguing problems of corporate income taxation within the Common Market. Common tax accounting rules substantially reduce compliance and administrative costs. Consolidation of a group's profits and losses effects cro- border loss compensation which removes a major tax obstacle for European cro- border investment. At the same time, tax planning with respect to financing and transfer pricing is pushed back within the European Union. Moreover, as far as the CCCTB applies, member states are able to remove tax provisions that are targeted at cross border tax evasion and that might be challenged by the jurisdiction of the Eu- pean Court of Justice.

Das deutsche Steuerrecht ist durch bestandigen Wandel gepragt. Der Steuerrechtswissenschaft fallt die Aufgabe zu, sich abzeichnende Entwicklungen moeglichst fruhzeitig zu identifizieren und wissenschaftlich zu durchdringen. Auf Anregung des Max-Planck-Instituts fur Steuerrecht und OEffentliche Finanzen haben sich bereits zum zweiten Mal fuhrende Steuerrechtswissenschaftlern der jungeren Generation mit von ihnen als besonders wichtig erachteten "Zukunftsfragen" des deutschen Steuerrechts befasst. Die Bandbreite der behandelten Themen reicht von den verfassungsrechtlichen und europarechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Steuerrechtsordnung uber das Potential der Kodifikationsidee im Steuerrecht bis hin zur Besteuerung des Finanzsektors und zur Vermeidung der Umsatzsteuerdefinitivbelastung bei Koerperschaften des oeffentlichen Rechts.

Das Buch befasst sich mit aktuellen und grundsatzlichen Entwicklungen zur Einwirkung des Europaischen Rechts auf die Steuerrechtsordnungen der Mitgliedstaaten. Mittels des Anwendungsvorrangs des Unionsrechts uberlagert und pragt das Europaische Steuerrecht heute weite Teile der nationalen Steuergesetze. Europaische Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten stehen dabei ebenso im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches wie die Frage nach Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen der Rechtsangleichung oder aktuelle Herausforderungen wie der Kampf gegen internationale Steuervermeidung. Die in diesem Buch bearbeiteten Themen reichen von aktuellen Streitfragen in der Rechtsprechung des Europaischen Gerichtshofs bis hin zu Fundamentalthemen europaischer Systembildung im Steuerrecht.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. It is offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book undertakes a fundamental review of the existing international system of taxing business profit. It steps back from the current political debates on how to combat profit shifting and how taxing rights over the profits of the digitalized economy should be allocated. Instead, it starts from first principles to ask how we should evaluate a tax on business profit-and whether there is any good rationale for such a tax in the first place. It then goes on to evaluate the existing system and a number of alternatives that have been proposed. It argues that the existing system is fundamentally flawed, and that there is a need for radical reform. The key conclusion from the analysis is that there would be significant gains from a reform that moved the system towards taxing profit in the country in which a business made its sales to third parties. That conclusion informs two proposals that are put forward in detail and evaluated: the Residual Profit Allocation by Income (RPAI) and the Destination-based Cash Flow Tax (DBCFT). The book is authored by group of economists and lawyers-the Oxford International Tax Group, chaired by Michael P. Devereux. It draws insights from both economics and law-including economic theory, empirical evidence on the impact of taxes, and an examination of practical issues of implementation-to assess the existing system and to consider fundamental reforms. This book will be useful to tax policy makers, tax professionals, academics, and anyone interested in tax policy.