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By departing from conventionally analytical tools such as
Cobb-Douglas and CES production functions, the author
quantitatively analyses the production structure and productivity
of Japanese agriculture for the second half of the 20th century. To
achieve this objective the book uses newly developed analytical
tools from the early-1950s through to the 1980s such as the duality
theorem, flexible functional forms, and index number theories. By
making full use of these newly developed analytical tools, the
author offers comprehensive, consistent, integrated, and reliable
empirical results for analysing the production structure and
productivity of postwar Japanese agriculture.
Volume 1 utilises the crop-livestock multiple product total and
variable translog cost to quantitatively assess production
structure and productivity from 1957-1997. Important indicators of
production are estimated for different size classes for each
year and are compared over time. Furthermore, a distinctive feature
of Volume 1 is the introduction of a newly devised method for
decomposing the growth rate of labor productivity. This process
departs from the conventional Solow growth account method, which is
not explicitly integrated with the theory of the firm.
The Japanese economy experienced rapid development during the
mid-1950s through to the early -1970s, with a compound annual
average growth rate of higher than ten per cent. Although the labor
productivity of the agricultural sector increased fairly sharply,
the non-agricultural sectors enjoyed much higher growth rates of
labor productivity during the same period of time. This resulted in
big income gaps between the agricultural and non-agricultural
households. To reduce such income gaps between the two sectors, the
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) enacted the
Agricultural Basic Act in 1961 and started enforcing various
policies for agriculture. These representative policy measures have
been the output price-supports, in particular rice, the output-mix
change, the set-asides, the input subsidies, and the research and
extension (R&E) programs.
In Volume 2 the (crops-livestock) multiple-product translog
variable profit function is used to quantitatively investigate the
impacts of the output price-supports, the set-asides, the input
subsidies, and the R&E programs on the important economic
indicators from 1965-97. The most important finding based on such
quantitative analyses is that the agricultural policy measures
introduced by the MAFF played a vital role in restricting land
transfers from small- to large-scale farms for more efficient and
productive farming on larger-scale farms contrary to expectations.
Analyses quantitatively in a comprehensive, consistent, and
integrated manner the production structure and productivity of
post-war Japanese agriculture for the latter half of the twentieth
century, more specifically, 1957-97.
Analyzes quantitatively in a comprehensive, consistent, and
integrated manner the production structure and productivity of
postwar Japanese agriculture for the latter half of the 20th
century, more specifically, 1957-97.
The book uses an original language-based bilayer theory to throw
light on the secretive structure of power in the Japanese Diet, its
national parliament, and relates its findings to Japanese
parliamentary democracy in historical perspective. In so doing, the
book answers questions about the latent policymaking process of
Japanese politics that resulted in a reduction of social alienation
and disorganization while Japan industrialized. Industrialization
significantly reduced poverty and increased the size of the middle
class, enabling the nation to move towards democracy. The reader
will see why socialists were so quixotically dogmatic toward
conservatives to the point of absurdity during the Cold War period.
Yet, they were able to form a coalition government following the
end of Cold War era.
This book seeks to explain how politics actually operates in the
Japanese Diet using the author's bilayer theory or dual power
structure theory. It is about how politics in Japan operates behind
closed doors and how laws are actually made in the Diet. While some
parts of the process remain hidden-subterfuge is inherently part of
politics-the author uses interviews with party officials, current
and former kokkai taisaku-inkai committee members of all parties in
the Diet to elucidate the process as much as possible.
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