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This comprehensive book delves into the fascinating world of
quasiparticle properties of graphene-related materials. The authors
thoroughly explore the intricate effects of intrinsic and extrinsic
interactions on the material's properties, while unifying the
single-particle and many-particle properties through the
development of a theoretical framework. The book covers a wide
range of research topics, including long-range Coulomb
interactions, dynamic charge density waves, Friedel oscillations
and plasmon excitations, as well as optical reflection and
transmission spectra of thin films. Also it highlights the crucial
roles of inelastic Coulomb scattering and optical scattering in the
quasiparticle properties of layered systems, and the impact of
crystal symmetry, number of layers, and stacking configuration on
their uniqueness. Furthermore, the authors explore the topological
properties of quasiparticles, including 2D time-reversal-symmetry
protected topological insulators with quantum spin Hall effect, and
rhombohedral graphite with Dirac nodal lines. Meanwhile, the book
examines the gate potential application for creating topological
localized states and shows topological invariants of 2D Dirac
fermions, and binary Z2 topological invariants under chiral
symmetry. The calculated results are consistent with the present
experimental observations, establishing it as a valuable resource
for individuals interested in the quasiparticle properties of novel
materials.
This book provides an overview of electronic and optical properties
of graphite-related systems. It presents a well-developed and
up-to-date theoretical model and addresses important advances in
essential properties and diverse quantization phenomena. Key
features include various Hamiltonian models, dimension-enriched
carbon-related systems, complete and unusual results, detailed
comparisons with the experimental measurements, clear physical
pictures, and further generalizations to other emergent 2D
materials. It also covers potential applications, such as
touch-screen panel devices, FETs, supercapacitors, sensors, LEDs,
solar cells, photodetectors, and photomodulators.
Due to its physical, chemical, and material properties, graphene
has been widely studied both theoretically and experimentally since
it was first synthesized in 2004. This book explores in detail the
most up-to-date research in graphene-related systems, including
few-layer graphene, sliding bilayer graphene, rippled graphene,
carbon nanotubes, and adatom-doped graphene, among others. It
focuses on the structure-, stacking-, layer-, orbital-, spin- and
adatom-dependent essential properties, in which single- and
multi-orbital chemical bondings can account for diverse phenomena.
Geometric and Electronic Properties of Graphene-Related Systems:
Chemical Bonding Schemes is excellent for graduate students and
researchers, but understandable to undergraduates. The detailed
theoretical framework developed in this book can be used in the
future characterization of emergent materials.
This monograph offers a comprehensive overview of diverse
quantization phenomena in layered materials, covering current
mainstream experimental and theoretical research studies, and
presenting essential properties of layered materials along with a
wealth of figures. This book illustrates commonly used synthesis
methods of these 2D materials and compares the calculated results
and experimental measurements, including novel features not yet
reported. The book also discusses experimental measurements of
magnetic quantization, theoretical modeling for studying systems
and covers diversified magneto-electronic properties,
magneto-optical selection rules, unusual quantum Hall
conductivities, and single- and many-particle magneto-Coulomb
excitations. Rich and unique behaviors are clearly revealed in
few-layer graphene systems with distinct stacking configuration,
stacking-modulated structures, silicon-doped lattices, bilayer
silicene/germanene systems with the bottom-top and bottom-bottom
buckling structures, monolayer and bilayer phosphorene systems, and
quantum topological insulators. The generalized tight-binding
model, the static and dynamic Kubo formulas, and the random-phase
approximation are developed/modified to thoroughly explore the
fundamental properties and propose the concise physical pictures.
Different high-resolution experimental measurements are discussed
in detail, and they are consistent with the theoretical
predictions. Aimed at readers working in materials science,
physics, and engineering this book should be useful for potential
applications in energy storage, electronic devices, and
optoelectronic devices.
Coulomb Excitations and Decays in Graphene-Related Systems provides
an overview of the subject under the effects of lattice symmetries,
layer numbers, dimensions, stacking configurations, orbital
hybridizations, intralayer and interlayer hopping integrals,
spin-orbital couplings, temperatures, electron/hole dopings,
electric field, and magnetic quantization while presenting a new
theoretical framework of the electronic properties and the
electron-electron interactions together. This book presents a
well-developed theoretical model and addresses important advances
in essential properties and diverse excitation phenomena. Covering
plenty of critical factors related to the field, the book also
addresses the theoretical model which is applicable to various
dimension-enriched graphene-related systems and other 2D materials,
including layered graphenes, graphites, carbon nanotubes, silicene,
and germanene. The text is aimed at professionals in materials
science, physics, physical chemistry, and upper level students in
these fields.
Due to its physical, chemical, and material properties, graphene
has been widely studied both theoretically and experimentally since
it was first synthesized in 2004. This book explores in detail the
most up-to-date research in graphene-related systems, including
few-layer graphene, sliding bilayer graphene, rippled graphene,
carbon nanotubes, and adatom-doped graphene, among others. It
focuses on the structure-, stacking-, layer-, orbital-, spin- and
adatom-dependent essential properties, in which single- and
multi-orbital chemical bondings can account for diverse phenomena.
Geometric and Electronic Properties of Graphene-Related Systems:
Chemical Bonding Schemes is excellent for graduate students and
researchers, but understandable to undergraduates. The detailed
theoretical framework developed in this book can be used in the
future characterization of emergent materials.
During the last few years, exciting new insights into mechanisms
and treatment of stroke have been obtained from animal experiments.
Hence, the use of animal models to induce stroke are of paramount
importance as research tools. While a few articles on this topic
have been published in select journals, until now there has not
been a systematic technical book available which assists
researchers in building upon commonly known knowledge. The Manual
of Stroke Models in Rats explains in great detail the methods and
techniques for accomplishing different stroke models in rats, as
well as some techniques using mice. Expert contributors to this
text include the most recent research information available, as
well as generally recognized facts, making this volume an
imperative tool for those researchers seeking to identify new areas
of exploration. The first text in 20 years to detail new techniques
in rat stroke models The book begins with a statistical update of
stroke in America, and proceeds to discuss the rationale for using
ischemic stroke models. Major sections include different surgical
models of stroke induced by the occlusion of the distal middle
cerebral artery, by intraluminal filament or embolic implantation,
by photochemically induced thrombosis, global cerebral ischemia
induced by asphyxia cardiac arrest or by four-vessel occlusion, and
brain hemorrhage. The book also includes anesthesia procedures,
general principles of microsurgery, and a study of microsurgical
instruments. Numerous tables, figures, and color images are used to
supplement the material. The editor, Dr. Yanlin Wang-Fischer, has
published more than 40 scientific articles in various medical
journals and contributed to several projects related to animal
models and surgeries. In this volume, she brings together
contributors who represent the cutting edge of research in the
field. By reviewing the methods in this detailed technical
treatise, research
During the last few years, exciting new insights into mechanisms
and treatment of stroke have been obtained from animal experiments.
Hence, the use of animal models to induce stroke are of paramount
importance as research tools. While a few articles on this topic
have been published in select journals, until now there has not
been a systematic technical book available which assists
researchers in building upon commonly known knowledge. The Manual
of Stroke Models in Rats explains in great detail the methods and
techniques for accomplishing different stroke models in rats, as
well as some techniques using mice. Expert contributors to this
text include the most recent research information available, as
well as generally recognized facts, making this volume an
imperative tool for those researchers seeking to identify new areas
of exploration. The first text in 20 years to detail new techniques
in rat stroke models The book begins with a statistical update of
stroke in America, and proceeds to discuss the rationale for using
ischemic stroke models. Major sections include different surgical
models of stroke induced by the occlusion of the distal middle
cerebral artery, by intraluminal filament or embolic implantation,
by photochemically induced thrombosis, global cerebral ischemia
induced by asphyxia cardiac arrest or by four-vessel occlusion, and
brain hemorrhage. The book also includes anesthesia procedures,
general principles of microsurgery, and a study of microsurgical
instruments. Numerous tables, figures, and color images are used to
supplement the material. The editor, Dr. Yanlin Wang-Fischer, has
published more than 40 scientific articles in various medical
journals and contributed to several projects related to animal
models and surgeries. In this volume, she brings together
contributors who represent the cutting edge of research in the
field. By reviewing the methods in this detailed technical
treatise, researchers will be armed with the latest strategies in
preparing their own experimental stroke models.
There are three fundamental components in Control-Flow Integrity
(CFI) enforcement. The first component is accurately recovering the
policy (CFG). Usually, the more precise the policy is, the more
security CFI improves, but precise CFG generation was considered
hard without the support of source code. The second component is
embedding the CFI policy securely. Current CFI enforcement usually
inserts checks before indirect branches to consult a read-only
table which stores the valid CFG information. However, this kind of
read-only table can be overwritten by some kinds of attacks (e.g.,
the Rowhammer attack and data-oriented programming). The third
component is to efficiently enforce the CFI policy. In current
approaches CFI checks are always executed whenever there is an
indirect control flow transfer. Therefore, it is critical to
minimize the performance impact of CFI checks. In this book, we
propose novel solutions to handle these three fundamental
components. To generate a precise CFI policy without the support of
the source code, we systematically study two methods which recover
CFI policy based on function signature matching at the binary level
and propose our novel rule- and heuristic-based mechanism to more
accurately recover function signature. To embed CFI policy
securely, we design a novel platform which encodes the policy into
the machine instructions directly without relying on consulting any
read-only data structure, by making use of the idea of
instruction-set randomization. Each basic block is encrypted with a
key derived from the CFG. To efficiently enforce CFI policy, we
make use of a mature dynamic code optimization platform called
DynamoRIO to enforce the policy so that we are only required to do
the CFI check when needed.
Coulomb Excitations and Decays in Graphene-Related Systems provides
an overview of the subject under the effects of lattice symmetries,
layer numbers, dimensions, stacking configurations, orbital
hybridizations, intralayer and interlayer hopping integrals,
spin-orbital couplings, temperatures, electron/hole dopings,
electric field, and magnetic quantization while presenting a new
theoretical framework of the electronic properties and the
electron-electron interactions together. This book presents a
well-developed theoretical model and addresses important advances
in essential properties and diverse excitation phenomena. Covering
plenty of critical factors related to the field, the book also
addresses the theoretical model which is applicable to various
dimension-enriched graphene-related systems and other 2D materials,
including layered graphenes, graphites, carbon nanotubes, silicene,
and germanene. The text is aimed at professionals in materials
science, physics, physical chemistry, and upper level students in
these fields.
This book provides an overview of electronic and optical properties
of graphite-related systems. It presents a well-developed and
up-to-date theoretical model and addresses important advances in
essential properties and diverse quantization phenomena. Key
features include various Hamiltonian models, dimension-enriched
carbon-related systems, complete and unusual results, detailed
comparisons with the experimental measurements, clear physical
pictures, and further generalizations to other emergent 2D
materials. It also covers potential applications, such as
touch-screen panel devices, FETs, supercapacitors, sensors, LEDs,
solar cells, photodetectors, and photomodulators.
Until recently, ceramic materials were considered unsuitable for
optics due to the numerous scattering sources, such as grain
boundaries and residual pores. However, in the 1990s the technology
to generate a coherent beam from ceramic materials was developed,
and a highly efficient laser oscillation was realized. In the
future, the technology derived from the development of the ceramic
laser could be used to develop new functional passive and active
optics. Co-authored by one of the pioneers of this field, the book
describes the fabrication technology and theoretical
characterization of ceramic material properties. It describes novel
types of solid lasers and other optics using ceramic materials to
demonstrate the application of ceramic gain media in the generation
of coherent beams and light amplification. This is an invaluable
guide for physicists, materials scientists and engineers working on
laser ceramics.
Personal identity is the philosophical issue that deals with the
problem of what makes a person persist over time. This inquiry
takes root deep in the history of philosophy and the campaign to
solve the problem never ceases. In the first section of this book I
will provide a brief sketch of the issue, introducing important
theories that contribute to the unraveling of the mystery. In
section 2 and 3 respectively, the dominant two views---the physical
approach and the psychological approach---will be examined in
detail, and the difficulties confronting them will be presented,
along with my comments on both views. I will, in the last section,
propose my own solution to the problem, claiming that the
sufficient and necessary condition for personal identity is neither
physical continuity nor psychological continuity, but both. The
work should serve as an introductory survey for those interested in
this particular philosophical issue and help shed some light on the
puzzle concerned.
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