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This book focuses on the geological characteristics and genesis of
several base metal deposits in the northern margin of the North
China Plate, namely the Bainaimiao Cu-Au-Mo, the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn,
the Dongshengmiao Zn-Pb-Cu and the Jiashengpan Zn-Pb deposits.
These deposits have geological and geochemical affinities with
orogenic-type deposits, such as shear zone-controlled
mineralization and carbon-rich low-salinitiy ore-forming fluids,
and are characterized by multistage ore-forming histories.
Remobilization of the pre-enriched (stratabound or porphyry-type)
base metals took place as responses to orogenesis and metamorphism,
leading to metal redistribution and the formation of orogenic-type
orebodies. The formation of orogenic-type base metal deposits is
enigmatic, and the case studies presented in this book provide
insights into understanding the genesis of this type of deposits.
In particular, pre-enrichment of base metals seems to be important,
in terms of preconditioning for later shear zone-controlled
mineralization, since base metals are believed to have limited
solubilities in the low-salinity ore-fluids.
This book focuses on the geological characteristics and genesis of
several base metal deposits in the northern margin of the North
China Plate, namely the Bainaimiao Cu-Au-Mo, the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn,
the Dongshengmiao Zn-Pb-Cu and the Jiashengpan Zn-Pb deposits.
These deposits have geological and geochemical affinities with
orogenic-type deposits, such as shear zone-controlled
mineralization and carbon-rich low-salinitiy ore-forming fluids,
and are characterized by multistage ore-forming histories.
Remobilization of the pre-enriched (stratabound or porphyry-type)
base metals took place as responses to orogenesis and metamorphism,
leading to metal redistribution and the formation of orogenic-type
orebodies. The formation of orogenic-type base metal deposits is
enigmatic, and the case studies presented in this book provide
insights into understanding the genesis of this type of deposits.
In particular, pre-enrichment of base metals seems to be important,
in terms of preconditioning for later shear zone-controlled
mineralization, since base metals are believed to have limited
solubilities in the low-salinity ore-fluids.
This book is the first systematic treatise of available data and
view-points obtained from geological and geochemical studies of the
Mo deposits in Qinling Orogen, China. Qinling Orogen has a minimum
reserve of 8.7 Mt Mo, ranking the largest molybdenum province both
in China and the world. Incorporating all known Mo deposit types in
the world, it presents extensive studies of Mo deposits of
world-class and unusual types within tectonic settings. The Qinling
Orogen was finally formed during continental collision between
Yangtze and North China cratons, following the Triassic closure of
the northernmost paleo-Tethys. It hosts 49 Mo deposits formed in
seven mineralization events since 1850 Ma, with all the world-class
deposits being formed during 160-105 Ma, coeval with collisional
orogeny. These deposits are assigned to magmatic and metamorphic
hydrothermal classes. The magmatic hydrothermal class includes
porphyries, skarns, and intrusion-related veins (carbonatite,
fluorite and quartz). The porphyry Mo systems in Qinling Orogen are
predominated by Dabie-type formed in continental collision setting,
followed by Endako- and Climax-types formed in continental arcs and
rifts, respectively. The metamorphic hydrothermal Mo deposits are
only reported in Qinling Orogen, and thus a new crustal continuum
model for the orogenic class mineral systems is proposed. A
scientific linkage between ore geology and fluid inclusions is
introduced and verified both by theory and case studies. This is
the first research book comprehensively displaying continental
collision metallogeny. This literature will benefit both Western
and Chinese mineral explorers and miners, as well as research
scientists and students.
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