To physicists and chemists, color means light emission, absorption, spectrum, and coloration. Near-Infrared Organic Materials and Emerging Applications presents knowledge and applications of invisible "colored" organic materials. Near-infrared (NIR) materials are defined as substances that interact with NIR light, namely, absorption and reflection, and emit NIR light upon stimulation, for example, photoexcitation, electric field, and chemical reaction. This book offers up-to-date information on low band-gap organic materials with unique near-infrared absorbing, fluorescent, and photovoltaic properties for various emerging applications.
The author emphasizes the chemistry of materials, in particular the structure property relationship of near-infrared organic compounds and polymers. The text discusses the molecular design aspect of NIR materials, including effects of conjugation length and donor acceptor charge transfer. Chapters also cover information on the structures and key properties of NIR organic compounds, such as those containing rylene, polymethine, and metal-complex chromophores, as well as polymers, including nonconjugated NIR-absorbing, conjugated dye-containing, and donor acceptor conjugated polymers.
The final chapter describes emerging applications of NIR organic materials based on absorbing, chromogenic, photosensitizing, photovoltaic, and fluorescent properties, as well as applications of low band-gap compounds and polymers in ambipolar organic transistors. Presenting useful data and thought-provoking ideas, this book provides a practical reference on optical properties and structures of NIR organic materials and their design principles and applications.

This book chiefly describes the theories and technologies for natural gas hydrate management in deepwater gas wells. It systematically explores the mechanisms of hydrate formation, migration, deposition and blockage in multiphase flow in gas-dominated systems; constructs a multiphase flow model of multi-component systems for wells that takes into account hydrate phase transition; reveals the influence of hydrate phase transition on multiphase flows, and puts forward a creative hydrate blockage management method based on hydrate blockage free window (HBFW), which enormously improves the hydrate prevention effect in deepwater wells. The book combines essential theories and industrial technology practice to facilitate a deeper understanding of approaches to and technologies for hydrate management in deepwater wells, and provides guidance on operation design. Accordingly, it represents a valuable reference guide for both researchers and graduate students working in oil and gas engineering, offshore oil and gas engineering, oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, as well as technical staff in the fields of deepwater oil and gas drilling, development, and flow assurance.

To physicists and chemists, color means light-emission, absorption, spectrum, and coloration. Near-Infrared Organic Materials and Emerging Applications presents knowledge and applications of invisible "colored" organic materials. Near-infrared (NIR) materials are defined as substances that interact with NIR light, namely, absorption and reflection, and emit NIR light upon stimulation, for example, photoexcitation, electric field, and chemical reaction. This book offers up-to-date information on low band-gap organic materials with unique near-infrared absorbing, fluorescent, and photovoltaic properties for various emerging applications. The author emphasizes the chemistry of materials, in particular the structure-property relationship of near-infrared organic compounds and polymers. The text discusses the molecular design aspect of NIR materials, including effects of conjugation length and donor-acceptor charge transfer. Chapters also cover information on the structures and key properties of NIR organic compounds, such as those containing rylene, polymethine, and metal-complex chromophores, as well as polymers, including nonconjugated NIR-absorbing, conjugated dye-containing, and donor-acceptor conjugated polymers. The final chapter describes emerging applications of NIR organic materials based on absorbing, chromogenic, photosensitizing, photovoltaic, and fluorescent properties, as well as applications of low band-gap compounds and polymers in ambipolar organic transistors. Presenting useful data and thought-provoking ideas, this book provides a practical reference on optical properties and structures of NIR organic materials and their design principles and applications.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.

This book chiefly describes the theories and technologies for natural gas hydrate management in deepwater gas wells. It systematically explores the mechanisms of hydrate formation, migration, deposition and blockage in multiphase flow in gas-dominated systems; constructs a multiphase flow model of multi-component systems for wells that takes into account hydrate phase transition; reveals the influence of hydrate phase transition on multiphase flows, and puts forward a creative hydrate blockage management method based on hydrate blockage free window (HBFW), which enormously improves the hydrate prevention effect in deepwater wells. The book combines essential theories and industrial technology practice to facilitate a deeper understanding of approaches to and technologies for hydrate management in deepwater wells, and provides guidance on operation design. Accordingly, it represents a valuable reference guide for both researchers and graduate students working in oil and gas engineering, offshore oil and gas engineering, oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, as well as technical staff in the fields of deepwater oil and gas drilling, development, and flow assurance.