Regulation of the banking industry has undergone substantial changes over the past decade. In response to the 2007-2009 financial crisis, many new bank regulations were implemented pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 or under the existing authorities of bank regulators to address apparent weaknesses in the regulatory regime. Chapter 1 provides a broad overview of selected banking-related issues, including issues related to "safety and soundness" regulation, consumer protection, community banks, large banks, what type of companies should be able to establish banks, and recent market and economic trends. Chapter 2 provides a broad overview of various banking topicsakey concepts in banking, overview of regulation, recent banking legislation, and policy issues. Banks generally must comply with a variety of requirements to hold minimum levels of capital. Chapter3 provides a brief overview of these requirements and examines related policy issues. Chapter 4 first provides background information on the consumer data industry and various specialty areas. It then examines one prominent specialty areaaconsumer scoringaand describes various factors used to calculate credit scores. Next, it provides a general description of the current regulatory framework of the consumer data industry. Finally, the chapter discusses selected policy issues pertaining to consumer data reports. Chapter 5 provides an overview of consumer lending markets, pricing, and legislative efforts designed to facilitate efficient credit allocation and pricing. The 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank; P.L. 111-203) established the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (CFPB) to implement and enforce federal consumer financial law while ensuring consumers can access financial products and services as reported in chapter 6. Chapter 7 reports on the results of the audits of the fiscal years 2017 and 2016 financial statements of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, known as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which is incorporated in the enclosed Financial Report of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for Fiscal Year 2017. Chapter 8 provides an overview of how accounting and auditing standards are created and regulated in the private sector, the federal government, and state and local governments

Chinese foreign direct investment in the United States has generated intense debates. Some welcome it for the immediate benefits such as job creation; others view Chinese investments, especially those controlled by the Chinese government, as a critical threat. The debates have so far missed an important question: how do Chinese companies investing in the US react to the host country's law? Ji Li formulates a novel analytical framework to examine the adaptation of Chinese companies to general US institutions and their compliance with US laws governing tax, employment equality, and national security review of foreign investments. The level of compliance varies, and this variation is examined in relation to company ownership, including state ownership. Li's analysis is based on interviews and a unique and comprehensive dataset about Chinese companies in the United States that has never been systematically explored.

The European Union regime for fighting market manipulation and insider trading - commonly referred to as market abuse - was significantly reshuffled in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007/2008 and new legal instruments to fight market abuse were eventually adopted in 2014. In this monograph the authors identify the association between the financial crisis and market abuse, critically consider the legislative, policy and enforcement responses in the European Union, and contrast them with the approaches adopted by the United States of America and the United Kingdom respectively. The aftermath of the financial crisis, ongoing security concerns and increased legislation and policy responses to the fight against irregularities and market failures demonstrate that we need to understand, in context, the regulatory responses taken in this area. Specifically, the book investigates how the regulatory responses have changed over time since the start of the financial crisis. Market Manipulation and Insider Trading places the fight against market abuse in the broader framework of the fight against white collar crime and also considers some associated questions in order to better understand the contemporary market abuse regime.

In the wake of the global financial crisis, investors have suffered significant losses as a result of breaches of conduct of business rules in the distribution of financial instruments. MiFID II introduced new disclosure, distribution and product governance rules to strengthen the protection of investors but, like MiFID I, did not harmonise the civil law consequences for their violation. This book asks whether, in spite of the silence of the EU legislators, the MiFID II conduct of business rules may produce civil law effects, enabling investors to enforce them against investment firms before national courts and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms. Building on the case law of the CJEU, the book shows the conditions under which the breach of MiFID II conduct of business rules should give rise to a private law remedy, and what remedies would be compatible with EU law. MiFID II and Private Law is an essential contribution to academic research in EU and financial law and will be a key text for policy-makers and legal practitioners working in the field of investor protection regulation and mis-selling litigation.

Many infrastructure projects around the world are funded through the project finance method, which combines private financing with public sector backing from multilateral finance institutions such as the World Bank. This examination of the theoretical and practical implications of such funding begins with a discussion of the relationship between the financial structuring of these projects and finance, policy and legal disciplines, especially in the form of investment law, human rights and environmental law. A number of case studies are then examined to provide practical insights into the application (or otherwise) of human rights and sustainable development objectives within such projects. While these theoretical perspectives do not conclude that the project finance method detracts from the application or implementation of human rights and sustainable development objectives, they do highlight the potential for the prioritisation of investment returns at the expense of human rights and environmental protection standards.

Dieses zweisprachige Buch gilt inzwischen als Standardwerk. Es liegt nunmehr in 6. Auflage mit Rechtsstand Juni 2010 vor. Der Ratgeber ist aus der praktischen Arbeit der beiden Autoren entstanden. Beide befassen sich seit mehr als 20 Jahren mit der Bearbeitung von deutsch-spanischen Rechts- und Steuerrechtsf llen. Sie stellen - wo immer n tig - die Probleme nach spanischem und deutschem Recht dar. Das Buch gibt viele praktische Hinweise und behandelt u.a. das relevante Kaufrecht, Erbrecht und Steuerrecht aus beiden Staaten. Er rtert werden Themen mit praktischer Relevanz, z.B. wie kann die Sicherheit bei Immobilientransaktionen erh ht werden, welche Steuerwirkungen treten in Spanien und gegebenenfalls verzahnt in Deutschland auf oder was ist zivilrechtlich, steuerrechtlich und notariell zu bedenken, wenn Deutsche in Spanien Immobilieneigentum erwerben oder halten. Es wird in erster Linie f r deutsche K ufer und Verk ufer ver ffentlicht. Weil es praxisorientiert ist, kann es aber auch Verbraucherverb nden, Kreditinstituten und Versicherungen, Rechtsanw lten, Notaren und Steuerberatern n tzliche Dienste erweisen. Die vollst ndige Zweisprachigkeit des Buches dient au erdem der Kommunikation bei Immobilientransaktionen zwischen der deutschen und der spanischen Seite (K ufer/Verk ufer/Erben) und erleichtert den Umgang mit den spanischen Beh rden und Institutionen.

"Read this book. It explains so much about the moment...Beautiful, heartbreaking work." -Ta-Nehisi Coates When the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863, the black community owned less than one percent of the United States' total wealth. More than 150 years later, that number has barely budged. The Color of Money pursues the persistence of this racial wealth gap by focusing on the generators of wealth in the black community: black banks. Studying these institutions over time, Mehrsa Baradaran challenges the myth that black communities could ever accumulate wealth in a segregated economy. Instead, housing segregation, racism, and Jim Crow credit policies created an inescapable, but hard to detect, economic trap for black communities and their banks. The catch-22 of black banking is that the very institutions needed to help communities escape the deep poverty caused by discrimination and segregation inevitably became victims of that same poverty. Not only could black banks not "control the black dollar" due to the dynamics of bank depositing and lending but they drained black capital into white banks, leaving the black economy with the scraps. Baradaran challenges the long-standing notion that black banking and community self-help is the solution to the racial wealth gap. These initiatives have functioned as a potent political decoy to avoid more fundamental reforms and racial redress. Examining the fruits of past policies and the operation of banking in a segregated economy, she makes clear that only bolder, more realistic views of banking's relation to black communities will end the cycle of poverty and promote black wealth.