Communities have witnessed a fundamental shift in the ways they interact with heritage sites. Much of this change has been driven by the rapid democratization and widespread adoption of enabling technologies. As expediency is embraced in the collection and analysis of data, there may also be a certain amount of intimacy lost with both the tangible and intangible vestiges of the past. Analysis, Conservation, and Restoration of Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage is a collection of innovative research on the quantitative methods and digital workflows transforming cultural heritage. There is no contesting the value of advanced non-destructive diagnostic imaging techniques for the analysis of heritage structures and objects. Highlighting topics including 3D modeling, conservation, and digital surveying, this book is ideally designed for conservation and preservation specialists, archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, academicians, and students seeking current research on data-driven, evidence-based decision making to improve intervention outcomes.

What happens to the fabric of a historic building if it is not cleaned? What is soiling, how does it affect the building? What cleaning methods should be used? This first of a comprehensive two-volume guide addresses these important and controversial questions, along with many others, and offers practical guidance on appropriate cleaning techniques, backed up with useful case study material. Based on the author's extensive on-site involvement at trial and contract stage in many cleaning and surface repair project, this book examines the various attitudes and current cleaning practices, along with the role and need for analysis of substrates and soiling. It also offers advice on dealing with special cleaning problems, such as the removal of paint, graffiti and metallic stains, and provides an assesment of the cleaning methods currently available. Also available as a two-volume set.

This book explains the nature of dampness in buildings, how to diagnose a dampness problem before it gets out of hand and how to deal with it. It covers the problems of rising dampness and condensation (and how to distinguish them), which are generally
not fully understood, even by many professional surveyors.
The book stresses the need to use a moisture meter to obtain reliable and comprehensive information. Dampness in Buildings will be of immediate practical use to surveyors, architects, builders, housing managers and health inspectors. It will be equally valuable to house owners and potential purchasers.
* Answers common problems in a simple way
* Immediate practical use to professionals
* Immediate practical use to house owners and potential purchasers

What happens to the fabric of a historic building if it is not cleaned? What is soiling, how does it affect the building? What cleaning methods should be used? This second of a comprehensive two-volume guide addresses these important and controversial questions, along with many others, and offers practical guidance on appropriate cleaning techniques, backed up with useful case study material. Based on the author's extensive on-site involvement at trial and contract stage in many cleaning and surface repair project, this book examines the various attitudes and current cleaning practices, along with the role and need for analysis of substrates and soiling. It also offers advice on dealing with special cleaning problems, such as the removal of paint, graffiti and metallic stains, and provides an assesment of the cleaning methods currently available. Also available as a two-volume set.

The two-volume set. Each volume is also available individually. What happens to the fabric of a historic building if it is not cleaned? What is soiling, how does it affect the building? What cleaning methods should be used? This comprehensive two-volume guide addresses these important and controversial questions, along with many others, and offers practical guidance on appropriate cleaning techniques, backed up with useful case study material. Based on the author's extensive on-site involvement at trial and contract stage in many cleaning and surface repair project, this book examines the various attitudes and current cleaning practices, along with the role and need for analysis of substrates and soiling. It also offers advice on dealing with special cleaning problems, such as the removal of paint, graffiti and metallic stains, and provides an assesment of the cleaning methods currently available.

This publication provides practical guidance on appropriate methods of conservation and repair of earth buildings using traditional building materials. It is the first major work on the subject since Clough Williams-Ellis and the Eastwick-Fields published "Building in Cob, Pise and Stabilized Earth" in 1947. The book deals with the nature of clay and chalk, their qualities and characteristics, and the way in which they have been used to construct buildings. Advice is given on soils analysis, the philosophy of repair techniques and the factors to be considered before altering, converting or extending an earth building. The author primarily advocates repair techniques using traditional materials, but he also considers the role played by certain modern materials, and assesses their suitability.

Much research has recently been undertaken into the cleaning and conservation of stone buildings, particularly those constructed of sandstone, and the debate concerning the best methods continues. This book brings together contributions from a wide range of specialisms, and offers new perspectives on the important issues surrounding this subject. The topics covered encompass not only theoretical and philosophical concerns, but also problems of weathering and microbiological damage. The practical case studies help to highlight the problems, and the laboratory experiments offer vital information that should provide a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge in this field. This book should be a reference for all building practitioners and academics who are interested, and actively involved, in conserving stone buildings and monuments.

Refurbishment and repair accounts for approximately 50 per cent of annual construction turnover. It is therefore essential that practitioners and those students who aspire to work in this sector are equipped with the best tools to do the job. This book has been produced to fill that gap in construction literature. The nature of refurbishment and repair is markedly different from new-build work since it is necessary to work within the restraints of a pre-determind situation. Those who do so are faced with an existing building or structure that may be many years old. It may have been built to standards hardly recognisable when compared to those of today.It is therefore necessary to build safely and to match as closely as possible comtemporary standards on sustainability and energy conservation. It is also apparent that existing buildings may not conform to 21st century standards of structural analysis or stability - and yet have stood without distress for many years. Guidence is provided to deal with such situations together with ideas on how to assess the residual life of a refurbished or repaired building.First and foremost it is essential for those involved in this type of work to gain an intimate knowledge of the structure under consideration. This book suggests ways of seeking this knowledge. Failure to investigate the history of existing develpoments may add considerably to the cost of construction and, in the extreme, to structural collapse involving injury or loss of life. This book proceeds logically through the reasons to consider refurbishment and repair and offers advice on risks, discovery, contracts, materials, learning from the past and legal restraints. Best practice is illustrated by a series of case studies. Extensive bibliographies have been provided to assist those with the need for further research. "Refurbishment and Repair in Construction" provides a companion volume to "Site Engineers Manual" which will be available as a second edition.

Between the ninth and fourteenth century, hundreds of architecturally exquisite Byzantine churches, many of them adorned with beautiful frescoes, were built in the area now known as the Republic of Macedonia. The condition of these buildings has been of ongoing concern because of deterioration and destruction from forces both human and natural, including devastating earthquakes.
This book summarizes the results of a four-year study to develop and test seismic retrofitting techniques for the repair and strengthening of those ancient Byzantine churches still in existence. The volume considers the conservation of historic buildings in seismic zones; surveys the condition of fifty existing Byzantine churches in Macedonia; and details the design, construction, and seismic testing of a half-scale model church. The volume also includes representative experimental and technical data.

Historical stone arch bridges are still a major part of the infrastructure in many countries. Although this type of bridge has proven to be an efficient construction type, it often poses the problem of insufficient numerical models of the load bearing behavior. Therefore the book introduces methods to adapt life loads and introduces different types of numerical models of the load resistance respectively. The book continues with the introduction of specific damages and strengthening techniques. The book particularly focuses on the probabilistic safety assessment of historical arch bridges, for which often only limited material and structural data is available.

The preservation enterprise helps fashion the physical contours of memory in public space, and thus has the power to curate a multidimensional and inclusive representation of societal values and narratives. Increasingly, the field of preservation is being challenged to consider questions of social inclusion, of how multiple publics are-or are not-represented in heritage decision-making, geographies, and governance structures. Community engagement is increasingly being integrated into project-based preservation practice, but the policy toolbox has been slower to evolve. Recognizing how preservation and other land use decisions can both empower and marginalize publics compels greater reflection on preservation's past and future and collective action beyond the project level. This requires professionals and institutions to consider systemic policy change with integrity, sensitivity, and intentionality. Bringing together a broad range of academics, historians, and practitioners, this second volume in the Issues in Preservation Policy series documents historic preservation's progress toward inclusivity and explores further steps to be taken.

A full color "Virtual Encyclopedia" of America's Covered Bridges! Chasing Covered Bridges lists locations, including state, county, etc. and contains more than 260 full color featured photos, with a total of 800 of these beautiful old structures. Relive America's past through these grand old symbols of times long gone. Join author Paul Parrott, (retired after 22 years in the Navy and nearly 20 years in the U.S. Postal Service), in his travels as he searches to find "Still yet one more bridge."

Content of this proceedings discusses emerging trends in structural reliability, safety and disaster management, covering topics like total quality management, risk maintenance and design for reliability. Some papers also address chemical process reliability, reliability analysis and engineering applications in chemical process equipment systems and includes a chapter on reliability evaluation models of chemical systems. Accepted papers from 2019 International Conference on Reliability, Risk Maintenance and Engineering Management (ICRRM 2019) are part of this conference proceeding. It offers useful insights to road safety engineers, disaster management professionals involved in product design and probabilistic methods in manufacturing systems.

Natural materials are increasingly being valued for their use in a wide range of techniques and solutions, not just for building cabins in the countryside, but also for housing, schools and city structures. As the need to respond to climate change becomes a serious requirement for all building projects, so too does our understanding of how these bio-based and renewable materials can help to reduce carbon emissions. With convincing evidence that natural materials work as well as, if not better than, conventional materials, this helpful guide offers an outline of many of the materials, products and methods of construction that are available, equipping readers with confidence to create healthy, ecological homes. This comprehensive book will be of interest to self-builders, home owners, architects, housing developers and specifiers, as well as environmentalists, eco builders and campaigners who want to reduce the impact of construction on the planet.

This book presents the state-of-the-art in infrared thermography (IRT) applications with a focus on moisture assessment in buildings. It also offers practical discussions of several case studies, including comparisons of IRT with other surface temperature measurement techniques. In closing, it demonstrates how IRT can be used to assess capillary absorption, and addresses moisture in walls due to wind-driven rain infiltrations, and the drying process. The book equips readers with a deeper understanding of the ideal conditions for accurate IRT assessment and offers practical recommendations.

Explore Historic Bridge Design through the Perspective of Modern Engineering Historic Bridges:Evaluation, Preservation, and Management provides both an admiring and a technical account of bridge engineering through an exploration of several remarkable examples. From ancient China to modern-day Minnesota, the book discusses the history and structural evaluation of bridges, as well as their preservation, and restoration. With chapters written by renowned engineers, this unique resource - Compares the techniques and materials used in building three railroad bridges that traversed the Mississippi at the same site in 1865, 1887, and 1910 Investigates a legendary stone-arch bridge constructed in Ancient China in 606 A.D. Demonstrates how historians and engineers in Milwaukee found an approach to new bridge design that balances modern design standards with aesthetic interpretation Details a collaborative team approach to historic bridge management in Minnesota Considers the design and repair process of rapidly disappearing wrought iron bridges Discusses preservation of stone masonry aqueducts on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal An educational treatise for engineers and historical preservationists, this work includes a wealth of illustrations and scientific tables. Demonstrating historic engineering significance beyond their utilitarian function, the bridges encountered in these pages are true landmarks, as worthy of emulation as they are preservation.

American cities are rediscovering the economic and social value of urban manufacturing. However, urban manufacturing is often invisible and poorly understood in terms of urban design, architecture, and policy. The Design of Urban Manufacturing brings a multidisciplinary approach to a new complex reality that urban manufacturing now sits squarely at the intersection of research, education, and neighborhood revitalization. Using cases studies from across North America and beyond, this book presents innovative approaches not only to the design of districts and buildings, but to the design of policy as well: the special roles that governments, local development corporations, and not-for-profit organizations all have to play in supporting manufacturing. This book presents current models for working neighborhoods where factories enable fine-grained, mixed-use communities and face-to-face contact while creatively solving the very real problems of goods movement and functional buildings. Design guidelines and policy recommendations are calibrated to different types of production districts. The Design of Urban Manufacturing is the essential resource for policy makers, designers, and students in urban design, planning, and urban and economic development.

This book presents a selection of the best papers from the HEaRT 2013 conference, held in Cosenza, Italy, which provided a valuable forum for engineers and architects, researchers and educators to exchange views and findings concerning the technological history, construction features and seismic behavior of historical timber-framed walls in the Mediterranean countries. The topics covered are wide ranging and include historical aspects and examples of the use of timber-framed construction systems in response to earthquakes, such as the gaiola system in Portugal and the Bourbon system in southern Italy; interpretation of the response of timber-framed walls to seismic actions based on calculations and experimental tests; assessment of the effectiveness of repair and strengthening techniques, e.g., using aramid fiber wires or sheets; and modelling analyses. In addition, on the basis of case studies, a methodology is presented that is applicable to diagnosis, strengthening and improvement of seismic performance and is compatible with modern theoretical principles and conservation criteria. It is hoped that, by contributing to the knowledge of this construction technique, the book will help to promote conservation of this important component of Europe’s architectural heritage.

The Architecture of Ruins: Designs on the Past, Present and Future identifies an alternative and significant history of architecture from the sixteenth century to the twenty-first century, in which a building is designed, occupied and imagined as a ruin. This design practice conceives a monument and a ruin as creative, interdependent and simultaneous themes within a single building dialectic, addressing temporal and environmental questions in poetic, psychological and practical terms, and stimulating questions of personal and national identity, nature and culture, weather and climate, permanence and impermanence and life and death. Conceiving a building as a dialogue between a monument and a ruin intensifies the already blurred relations between the unfinished and the ruined and envisages the past, the present and the future in a single architecture. Structured around a collection of biographies, this book conceives a monument and a ruin as metaphors for a life and means to negotiate between a self and a society. Emphasising the interconnections between designers and the particular ways in which later architects learned from earlier ones, the chapters investigate an evolving, interdisciplinary design practice to show the relevance of historical understanding to design. Like a history, a design is a reinterpretation of the past that is meaningful to the present. Equally, a design is equivalent to a fiction, convincing users to suspend disbelief. We expect a history or a novel to be written in words, but they can also be delineated in drawing, cast in concrete or seeded in soil. The architect is a 'physical novelist' as well as a 'physical historian'. Like building sites, ruins are full of potential. In revealing not only what is lost, but also what is incomplete, a ruin suggests the future as well as the past. As a stimulus to the imagination, a ruin's incomplete and broken forms expand architecture's allegorical and metaphorical capacity, indicating that a building can remain unfinished, literally and in the imagination, focusing attention on the creativity of users as well as architects. Emphasising the symbiotic relations between nature and culture, a building designed, occupied and imagined as a ruin acknowledges the coproduction of multiple authors, whether human, non-human or atmospheric, and is an appropriate model for architecture in an era of increasing climate change.

The aim of this book is to explore the significance of the concept of 'monument' in the context of the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC), with particular reference to the Royal Ensemble of Persepolis, founded by Darius I and built together with his son Xerxes. While Persepolis was built as an 'intentional monument', it had already become an 'historic monument' during the Achaemenid period. It maintained its symbolic significance in the following centuries even after its destruction by Alexander of Macedonia in 330 BC. The purpose of building Persepolis was to establish a symbol and a common reference for the peoples of the Empire with the Achaemenid Dynasty, transmitting significant messages and values such as peace, stability, grandeur and praise for the dynastic figure of the king as the protector of values and fighting falsehood. While previous research on Achaemenid heritage has mainly been on archaeological and art-historical aspects of Persepolis, the present work focuses on the architecture and design of Persepolis. It is supported by studies in the fields of archaeology, history and art history, as well as by direct survey of the site. The morphological analysis of Persepolis, including the study of the proportions of the elevations, and the verification of a planning grid for the layout of the entire ensemble demonstrate the univocal will by Darius to plan Persepolis following a precise initial scheme. The study shows how the inscriptions, bas-reliefs and the innovative architectural language together express the symbolism, values and political messages of the Achaemenid Dynasty, exhibiting influence from different lands in a new architectural language and in the plan of the entire site.

How to Care for Old and Historic Wood and Plaster What are the best methods for removing stains from wood finishes? How can you determine the type of finish on your molding? How can you repair the cracks in your plaster cornice? You’ve been told you have "alligatored paint": what is it and what can you do about it? … Answers to these questions and hundreds more are found in this detailed guide to caring for and reviving old wood and plaster walls and moldings. Carefully shaped woodwork, delicate plaster molding and colorful painted finishes give unique character to the interiors of old buildings. Walls and Molding describes the history of these key features and clearly explains how to save and repair them. Written for homeowners and others responsible for the care of buildings from 50 to 250 years old, and based on the principles of preservation expressed in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings, this authoritative handbook offers practical advice for all aspects of caring for old wood and plaster walls and molding. Detailed methods are included for diagnosing, cleaning, repairing and reconstructing wood panels and molding as well as patching and replastering walls — all stressing the three-pronged approach of the National Park Service: repair, replace and, only as a last resort, re-create. The book includes extensive charts on finishes, wood and plaster problems, and safety precautions. Combining a look at past building techniques and modern rehabilitation procedures, Walls and Molding focuses on what can be done to preserve and enjoy the special interiors in old and historic buildings. Some 300 photographs and drawings, helpful checklists, a glossary of wall treatment terms, a suggested reading list and official preservation guidelines followed nationwide provide further ideas and guidance for planning an appropriate rehabilitation in your old or historic building.

This present book describes the different construction systems and structural materials and elements within the main buildings typologies, and it analyses the particularities of each of them, including, at the end, general aspects concerning laboratory and in-situ testing, numerical modeling, vulnerability assessment and construction maintenance.

The book contributes to a recontextualization of authenticity by investigating how this value is created, reenacted, and assigned. Over the course of the last century, authenticity figured as the major parameter for the evaluation of cultural heritage. It was adopted in local and international charters and guidelines on architectural conservation in Europe, South and East Asia. Throughout this period, the concept of authenticity was constantly redefined and transformed to suit new cultural contexts and local concerns. This volume presents colonial and postcolonial discourses, opinions, and experiences in the field of architectural heritage conservation and the use of site-specific practices based on representative case studies presented by art historians, architects, anthropologists, and conservationists from Germany, Nepal, India, China, and Japan. With more than 180 illustrations and a collection of terminologies in German, English, Sanskrit, Hindi, Nevari and Nepali, classical Chinese and standard Mandarin, and Japanese, these cross-cultural investigations document the processual re-configuration of the notion of authenticity. They also show that approaches to authenticity can be specified with key analytical categories from transcultural studies: appropriation, transformation, and, in some cases, refusal.

This book is designed to be an inclusive for the best practice approach to building maintenance management, where the processes, procedures and operational systems meet a high standard of professional and academic competence. It offers a different perspective on building maintenance management by presenting the schematic building maintenance value chain model and it's implementation in Malaysian university buildings. The findings show an improvement to building performance, lower maintenance cost, building sustainability and increased maintenance service user satisfaction. The learning outcomes and summaries provided for each chapter and the extensive use of tables and figures add to the readability of the text. Though the book is based on data from Malaysia, it is useful for a much wider audience, and the informal writing style makes it an interesting reference source. This book is valuable for readers who are practitioners, professionals and for academic institutions that offer courses in the building field, including architecture, quantity surveying, civil engineering, building and facility management, property management, real estate. It will also be of interest to governments and others involved in the construction industry.