The Architecture of Ruins: Designs on the Past, Present and Future identifies an alternative and significant history of architecture from the sixteenth century to the twenty-first century, in which a building is designed, occupied and imagined as a ruin. This design practice conceives a monument and a ruin as creative, interdependent and simultaneous themes within a single building dialectic, addressing temporal and environmental questions in poetic, psychological and practical terms, and stimulating questions of personal and national identity, nature and culture, weather and climate, permanence and impermanence and life and death. Conceiving a building as a dialogue between a monument and a ruin intensifies the already blurred relations between the unfinished and the ruined and envisages the past, the present and the future in a single architecture. Structured around a collection of biographies, this book conceives a monument and a ruin as metaphors for a life and means to negotiate between a self and a society. Emphasising the interconnections between designers and the particular ways in which later architects learned from earlier ones, the chapters investigate an evolving, interdisciplinary design practice to show the relevance of historical understanding to design. Like a history, a design is a reinterpretation of the past that is meaningful to the present. Equally, a design is equivalent to a fiction, convincing users to suspend disbelief. We expect a history or a novel to be written in words, but they can also be delineated in drawing, cast in concrete or seeded in soil. The architect is a 'physical novelist' as well as a 'physical historian'. Like building sites, ruins are full of potential. In revealing not only what is lost, but also what is incomplete, a ruin suggests the future as well as the past. As a stimulus to the imagination, a ruin's incomplete and broken forms expand architecture's allegorical and metaphorical capacity, indicating that a building can remain unfinished, literally and in the imagination, focusing attention on the creativity of users as well as architects. Emphasising the symbiotic relations between nature and culture, a building designed, occupied and imagined as a ruin acknowledges the coproduction of multiple authors, whether human, non-human or atmospheric, and is an appropriate model for architecture in an era of increasing climate change.

Communities have witnessed a fundamental shift in the ways they interact with heritage sites. Much of this change has been driven by the rapid democratization and widespread adoption of enabling technologies. As expediency is embraced in the collection and analysis of data, there may also be a certain amount of intimacy lost with both the tangible and intangible vestiges of the past. Analysis, Conservation, and Restoration of Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage is a collection of innovative research on the quantitative methods and digital workflows transforming cultural heritage. There is no contesting the value of advanced non-destructive diagnostic imaging techniques for the analysis of heritage structures and objects. Highlighting topics including 3D modeling, conservation, and digital surveying, this book is ideally designed for conservation and preservation specialists, archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, academicians, and students seeking current research on data-driven, evidence-based decision making to improve intervention outcomes.

This book discusses systems of damage detection and structural health monitoring in mechanical, civil, and aerospace structures. It utilizes principles of fuzzy logic, probability theory, and signal processing to develop systems and approaches that are robust in the presence of both noise in the data and variations in properties of materials which are intrinsic to the process of mass production. This volume will be useful to graduate students, researchers, and engineers working in this area, especially those looking to understand and address model uncertainty in their algorithms.

Access for disabled people in historic settings is more than just a temporary ramp over the front steps for a wheelchair user. It is a commitment to create integrated use and enjoyment of historic monuments for everyone, including people with mobility or sensory impairments, older people, parents with small children, or those temporarily disabled as a result of illness or injury. This book examines flexible and pragmatic solutions to improve circulation in buildings by overcoming level changes, addition of handrails and other facilities which achieve the basic goal of dignified access, and which protect a building's special architectural character. It features practical guidelines and illustrated case study material, with examples of how to improve access in different types of historic buildings including Georgian, and neo-classical buildings, historic monuments, country houses, gardens and landscapes.

This book explains the nature of dampness in buildings, how to diagnose a dampness problem before it gets out of hand and how to deal with it. It covers the problems of rising dampness and condensation (and how to distinguish them), which are generally
not fully understood, even by many professional surveyors.
The book stresses the need to use a moisture meter to obtain reliable and comprehensive information. Dampness in Buildings will be of immediate practical use to surveyors, architects, builders, housing managers and health inspectors. It will be equally valuable to house owners and potential purchasers.
* Answers common problems in a simple way
* Immediate practical use to professionals
* Immediate practical use to house owners and potential purchasers

What happens to the fabric of a historic building if it is not cleaned? What is soiling, how does it affect the building? What cleaning methods should be used? This first of a comprehensive two-volume guide addresses these important and controversial questions, along with many others, and offers practical guidance on appropriate cleaning techniques, backed up with useful case study material. Based on the author's extensive on-site involvement at trial and contract stage in many cleaning and surface repair project, this book examines the various attitudes and current cleaning practices, along with the role and need for analysis of substrates and soiling. It also offers advice on dealing with special cleaning problems, such as the removal of paint, graffiti and metallic stains, and provides an assesment of the cleaning methods currently available. Also available as a two-volume set.

What happens to the fabric of a historic building if it is not cleaned? What is soiling, how does it affect the building? What cleaning methods should be used? This second of a comprehensive two-volume guide addresses these important and controversial questions, along with many others, and offers practical guidance on appropriate cleaning techniques, backed up with useful case study material. Based on the author's extensive on-site involvement at trial and contract stage in many cleaning and surface repair project, this book examines the various attitudes and current cleaning practices, along with the role and need for analysis of substrates and soiling. It also offers advice on dealing with special cleaning problems, such as the removal of paint, graffiti and metallic stains, and provides an assesment of the cleaning methods currently available. Also available as a two-volume set.

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) and more broadly in the fields of smart materials and intelligent systems. The volume covers highly diverse topics, including signal processing, smart sensors, autonomous systems, remote sensing and support, UAV platforms for SHM, Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, and SHM for civil structures and infrastructures. The contributions, which are published after a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists. The contents of this volume reflect the outcomes of the activities of EWSHM (European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring) in 2020.

This publication provides practical guidance on appropriate methods of conservation and repair of earth buildings using traditional building materials. It is the first major work on the subject since Clough Williams-Ellis and the Eastwick-Fields published "Building in Cob, Pise and Stabilized Earth" in 1947. The book deals with the nature of clay and chalk, their qualities and characteristics, and the way in which they have been used to construct buildings. Advice is given on soils analysis, the philosophy of repair techniques and the factors to be considered before altering, converting or extending an earth building. The author primarily advocates repair techniques using traditional materials, but he also considers the role played by certain modern materials, and assesses their suitability.

Much research has recently been undertaken into the cleaning and conservation of stone buildings, particularly those constructed of sandstone, and the debate concerning the best methods continues. This book brings together contributions from a wide range of specialisms, and offers new perspectives on the important issues surrounding this subject. The topics covered encompass not only theoretical and philosophical concerns, but also problems of weathering and microbiological damage. The practical case studies help to highlight the problems, and the laboratory experiments offer vital information that should provide a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge in this field. This book should be a reference for all building practitioners and academics who are interested, and actively involved, in conserving stone buildings and monuments.

This book comprises the selected contributions from the 2nd World Congress on Condition Monitoring (WCCM 2019), held in Singapore in December 2019. The contents focus on digitalisation for condition monitoring with the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT). The book covers latest research findings in the areas of condition monitoring, structural health monitoring, and non-destructive testing which are relevant for many sectors including aerospace, automotive, civil, oil and gas, marine, and manufacturing industries. Different monitoring systems and non-destructive testing methods are discussed to avoid failures, increase lifespans, and reduce maintenance costs of equipment and machinery. The broad scope of the contents will make this book interesting for academics and professionals working in the areas of non-destructive evaluation and condition monitoring.

This book provides an overview of asphalt pavement maintenance, highlighting the key asphalt pavement maintenance technologies in China. It analyzes the trend toward preventive maintenance technologies and proposes technical guidelines and implementation rules for preventive maintenance. As such it is a valuable reference resource for technicians in related industries, both in China and abroad, as well as professionals involved in road infrastructure maintenance projects in countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative.

This book presents the preservation principles and the current environmental challenges relating to monitoring heritage sites and buildings under the effects of climate change. It provides a clear overview of conservation action levels and the importance of participation and cooperation between them, and discusses evaluation and management methods, thermal comfort for the common usages, and conceptual methods for enhancing the built heritage. The research presented employed the "Zoom In, Zoom Out" approach for monitoring the Syrian coastal heritage sites threatened by the direct and indirect effects of climate change. Lastly, the book establishes the basic principles and conservation strategies for preserving the coastal heritage sites and buildings. As such, it is a valuable reference resource for researchers, developers, architects, and conservators involved in protecting the architectural heritage in coastal areas. It can also be used as a guidebook on preserving and monitoring built heritage sites at both macro and micro levels.

Whether you are an artisan, an architect or a homeowner, The Stone Restoration Handbook demonstrates the best approach and techniques to use when preserving and repairing historic buildings. It introduces the materials and the processes, and explains the proven methods to conserve, repair and restore stone, masonry, statuary and monuments. This new book is packed with illustrations, examples and advice on stone selection and working, lime and mortars, pointing, cleaning and repairing mortar and stone. It guides you through assessing the job on the first site visit through to discussing the options and difficulties you can face. This is essential reading for those who care for and repair historic buildings and monuments.

Refurbishment and repair accounts for approximately 50 per cent of annual construction turnover. It is therefore essential that practitioners and those students who aspire to work in this sector are equipped with the best tools to do the job. This book has been produced to fill that gap in construction literature. The nature of refurbishment and repair is markedly different from new-build work since it is necessary to work within the restraints of a pre-determind situation. Those who do so are faced with an existing building or structure that may be many years old. It may have been built to standards hardly recognisable when compared to those of today.It is therefore necessary to build safely and to match as closely as possible comtemporary standards on sustainability and energy conservation. It is also apparent that existing buildings may not conform to 21st century standards of structural analysis or stability - and yet have stood without distress for many years. Guidence is provided to deal with such situations together with ideas on how to assess the residual life of a refurbished or repaired building.First and foremost it is essential for those involved in this type of work to gain an intimate knowledge of the structure under consideration. This book suggests ways of seeking this knowledge. Failure to investigate the history of existing develpoments may add considerably to the cost of construction and, in the extreme, to structural collapse involving injury or loss of life. This book proceeds logically through the reasons to consider refurbishment and repair and offers advice on risks, discovery, contracts, materials, learning from the past and legal restraints. Best practice is illustrated by a series of case studies. Extensive bibliographies have been provided to assist those with the need for further research. "Refurbishment and Repair in Construction" provides a companion volume to "Site Engineers Manual" which will be available as a second edition.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures DAMAS 2019, 9-10 July 2019, Porto, Portugal. It presents the expertise of scientists and engineers in academia and industry in the field of damage assessment, structural health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation. The proceedings covers all research topics relevant to damage assessment of engineering structures and systems including numerical simulations, signal processing of sensor measurements and theoretical techniques as well as experimental case studies.

This proceedings of the 13th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management covers a range of topics that are timely, relevant and practically important in the modern digital era towards safer, cost effective, efficient, and secure engineered assets such as production and manufacturing plants, process facilities, civil structures, equipment, machinery, and infrastructure. It has compiled some pioneering work by domain experts of the global Engineering Asset Management community representing both public and private sectors. The professional coverage of the book includes: Asset management in Industry 4.0; Standards and models; Sustainable assets and processes; Life cycle perspectives; Smart and safer assets; Applied data science; Workplace safety; Asset health; Advances in equipment condition monitoring; Critical asset processes; and Innovation strategy and entrepreneurship The breadth and depth of these state-of-the-art, comprehensive proceedings make them an excellent resource for asset management practitioners, researchers and academics, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students.

This book provides a novel approach to building pathology in current buildings. Drawing on the available literature, hands-on experience and fieldwork inspections, it presents a systematic perspective on the pathology of the building envelope. The book addresses natural stone claddings, adhesive ceramic tiling, renders, painted surfaces, External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS), architectural concrete surfaces, windows and doors framing, and claddings for pitched and flat roofs. In addition to highlighting selected materials and construction elements, the book proposes a global classification system for defects and their probable causes, together with in situ diagnosis methods and repair techniques. It also identifies the relationships between defects and causes, diagnosis methods and repair techniques, and the interdependence between different defects, presenting these relations in the form of correlation matrices. Support files with detailed information and an inspection form are also provided. Selected case studies are presented to illustrate the value of a guidance system in fieldwork. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide, particularly for researchers, building inspectors, civil engineers, architects and maintenance planners.

Between the ninth and fourteenth century, hundreds of architecturally exquisite Byzantine churches, many of them adorned with beautiful frescoes, were built in the area now known as the Republic of Macedonia. The condition of these buildings has been of ongoing concern because of deterioration and destruction from forces both human and natural, including devastating earthquakes.
This book summarizes the results of a four-year study to develop and test seismic retrofitting techniques for the repair and strengthening of those ancient Byzantine churches still in existence. The volume considers the conservation of historic buildings in seismic zones; surveys the condition of fifty existing Byzantine churches in Macedonia; and details the design, construction, and seismic testing of a half-scale model church. The volume also includes representative experimental and technical data.

The conservation of our Modern architectural heritage is a subject of vehement debate. When do buildings become old or significant enough to warrant special heritage status and protection? Should Modern listed buildings be treated differently from those of earlier periods? And what does all this mean for building users and owners, who might be better served if their buildings were less authentic, but more comfortable and usable? Presenting a clear line of sight through these complex questions, this book explores the conservation, regeneration and adaptive re-use of Modern architecture. It provides a general grounding in the field, its recent history and current development, including chapters on authenticity, charters, listing and protection. Case studies drawing on the author's extensive practical experience offer valuable lessons learnt in the conservation of Modern heritage buildings. Looking beyond the specialist field of 'elite' heritage, Revaluing Modern Architecture also considers the changing culture of conservation for 'sub-iconic' buildings in relation to de-carbonisation and the climate emergency. It suggests how revaluing the vast legacy of modern architecture can help to promote a more sustainable future. Features leading conservation projects, such as the celebrated Penguin Pool at London Zoo, Finsbury Health Centre by Lubetkin & Tecton and Wells Coates' Isokon (Lawn Road) Flats, as well as previously unpublished projects. Analyses key Modern conservation controversies of recent years Illustrated with over 160 photos and drawings. An essential primer for architectural students and practitioners, academics, those employed in conservation and planning, property owners, developers, surveyors and building managers.

Historical stone arch bridges are still a major part of the infrastructure in many countries. Although this type of bridge has proven to be an efficient construction type, it often poses the problem of insufficient numerical models of the load bearing behavior. Therefore the book introduces methods to adapt life loads and introduces different types of numerical models of the load resistance respectively. The book continues with the introduction of specific damages and strengthening techniques. The book particularly focuses on the probabilistic safety assessment of historical arch bridges, for which often only limited material and structural data is available.

Content of this proceedings discusses emerging trends in structural reliability, safety and disaster management, covering topics like total quality management, risk maintenance and design for reliability. Some papers also address chemical process reliability, reliability analysis and engineering applications in chemical process equipment systems and includes a chapter on reliability evaluation models of chemical systems. Accepted papers from 2019 International Conference on Reliability, Risk Maintenance and Engineering Management (ICRRM 2019) are part of this conference proceeding. It offers useful insights to road safety engineers, disaster management professionals involved in product design and probabilistic methods in manufacturing systems.

Im Gegensatz zu den professionellen sachsischen Architekten des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts finden die zahlreichen landlichen Handwerksmeister nur wenig Beachtung. Dabei haben gerade diese entscheidenden Anteil an der Weiterfuhrung der protestantischen Gemeindekirche bis etwa 1860. Der bedeutendste unter ihnen ist der Zimmermeister Christian Friedrich Uhlig aus Altenhain bei Chemnitz. Nach seinen Planen wurden zwischen 1820 und 1850 im Erzgebirge und seinem Vorland insgesamt 12 Kirchen errichtet. Konzeptionell stehen sie mit umlaufenden Emporen und Kanzelaltar in der Tradition der barocken Predigtkirche; architekturgeschichtlich spannen sie den Bogen vom Barock uber klassizistische Elemente hin zu historisierenden Formen. Die Untersuchung widmet sich neben Leben und Werk Christian Friedrich Uhligs, vor allem der eingehenden Beschreibung seiner Sakralbauten und ihres architektur- und kirchengeschichtlichen Kontextes. Dabei wird versucht, das Charakteristische an Uhligs Handschrift herauszuarbeiten und seinen gewichtigen Beitrag zum sachsischen Kirchenbau im 19. Jahrhundert wieder starker ins Bewusstsein zu rucken.

This book identifies novel advanced materials that can be utilized as protective agents for the preservation of stone. The innovative solutions to stone conservation presented here result in increased sustainability, reduced environmental impact, and increased social and economic benefits. It provides an overview of recent trends and progress in advanced materials applied to stone protection. It also explores the scientific principles behind these advanced materials and discusses their applications to diff erent types of stone preservation efforts. Essential information as well as knowledge on the availability and applicability of advanced nanostructured materials is also provided, with focus placed on the practical aspects of stone protection. Th e book highlights an interdisciplinary eff ort regarding novel applications of nanostructured materials in the advancement of stone protection. It provides insight towards forthcoming developments in the fi eld. Advanced nanostructured materials are designed and developed with the aim of being chemically, physically, and mechanically compatible with stone. Advanced materials for stone conservation that are characterized by several functional properties are considered in this book. These include the physico-chemical, protective, and morphological properties, eco-toxicity, and mechanisms of degradation. The authors present a thorough overview of cutting-edge discoveries, detailed information on recent technological developments, breakthroughs in novel nanomaterials, utilization strategies for applications in cultural heritage, and the current status and future outlook of the topic to address a wide range of scientific communities.

Structural Health Monitoring & Damage Detection, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 35th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2017, the seventh volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Health Monitoring & Damage Detection, including papers on: Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection System Identification Active Controls