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Books > Reference & Interdisciplinary > Controversial knowledge

The Morning of the Magicians - Secret Societies, Conspiracies, and Vanished Civilizations (Paperback, 4th Edition, New ed.):... The Morning of the Magicians - Secret Societies, Conspiracies, and Vanished Civilizations (Paperback, 4th Edition, New ed.)
Louis Pauwels, Jacques Bergier
R492 Discovery Miles 4 920 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

The groundbreaking and classic study that first popularized occultism, alchemy, and paranormal phenomena in the 1960s
- Provides profound insights into our perceptions of reality, telepathy, mutants, and parallel universes
- Reveals the occult influences on the Nazis and introduces the alchemist Fulcanelli and the work of Charles Fort and Gurdjieff
- Over Half a Million Copies Sold
This groundbreaking, international bestseller, first published in 1960, couples profound insights into the hidden history of humanity and our perceptions of reality with the scientific evidence that supports the existence of paranormal activity, telepathy, and extraterrestrial communications. The first book to explore in depth the Nazi fascination with the occult, Pauwels and Bergier also broke new ground with their study of pyramidology, alchemy and its close kinship with atomic energy, and the possibility of a widespread mutation of humanity that would herald the dawn of a new age for the earth. Their study of secret societies, starting with the Rosicrucians, suggests that such changes are actively being pursued in the present day by a "conspiracy" of the most spiritually and intellectually advanced members of the human race.
"The Morning of the Magicians" also explores the anomalous events collected by Charles Fort, the work of Gurdjieff, and the history of the mysterious Fulcanelli, who was widely believed to have manufactured the philosopher's stone--which provided the Nazis the motive for mounting an intensive search for him during their occupation of Paris. Much more than a collection of strange facts defying conventional wisdom, this book remains a sophisticated philosophical exploration of repressed phenomena and hidden histories that asks its readers to look at reality with ever "awakened eyes."

The True Crime Dictionary: From Alibi to Zodiac - The Ultimate Collection of Cold Cases, Serial Killers, and More (Paperback):... The True Crime Dictionary: From Alibi to Zodiac - The Ultimate Collection of Cold Cases, Serial Killers, and More (Paperback)
Amanda Lees
R379 R358 Discovery Miles 3 580 Save R21 (6%) Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Hunting Whitey - The Inside Story of the Capture & Killing of America's Most Wanted Crime Boss (Paperback): Casey Sherman,... Hunting Whitey - The Inside Story of the Capture & Killing of America's Most Wanted Crime Boss (Paperback)
Casey Sherman, Dave Wedge
R470 Discovery Miles 4 700 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Religious Freedom, LGBT Rights, and the Prospects for Common Ground (Paperback): William N. Eskridge Jr, Robin Fretwell Wilson Religious Freedom, LGBT Rights, and the Prospects for Common Ground (Paperback)
William N. Eskridge Jr, Robin Fretwell Wilson
R1,477 Discovery Miles 14 770 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

The rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons (LGBT) are strongly contested by certain faith communities, and this confrontation has become increasingly pronounced following the adjudication of a number of legal cases. As the strident arguments of both sides enter a heated political arena, it brings forward the deeply contested question of whether there is any possibility of both communities' contested positions being reconciled under the same law. This volume assembles impactful voices from the faith, LGBT advocacy, legal, and academic communities - from the Human Rights Campaign and ACLU to the National Association of Evangelicals and Catholic and LDS churches. The contributors offer a 360-degree view of culture-war conflicts around faith and sexuality - from Obergefell to Masterpiece Cakeshop - and explore whether communities with such profound differences in belief are able to reach mutually acceptable solutions in order to both live with integrity.

Heresies and Heretics - Memories of the Twentieth Century (Paperback): George Watson Heresies and Heretics - Memories of the Twentieth Century (Paperback)
George Watson
R845 Discovery Miles 8 450 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

In this enjoyably iconoclastic book, George Watson discusses some of the great heresies of the twentieth century, and the cultural heretics who espoused them, often with surprising results. Watson provides us with examples of 'true', original heretics, many of whom he has met and taught: from Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, who asserted that his study of the remote past had made a radical of him, rather than any influence of modernism, to Douglas Adams, whom Watson knew as an undergraduate. Watson forces us to question various long-cherished political and intellectual assumptions in his witty and conversational style. Is snobbery really such a bad thing? Have we ignored the links between socialism and genocide? He touches entertainingly upon subjects as diverse as literary theory (experimental fiction is often the last resort of those who have nothing to say), and the unoriginal conformism of teenage Marxists (incapable of actually reading Marx, as he is too boring). This is a work which will delight any reader seeking a uniquely personal perspective on the culture, history, and personalities of the twentieth century.

Piante Ritualistiche Tra Ricerche E Ricordi - Tesina di Erboristeria (Italian, Paperback): Leila Flavia Ferreira Da Silva Piante Ritualistiche Tra Ricerche E Ricordi - Tesina di Erboristeria (Italian, Paperback)
Leila Flavia Ferreira Da Silva
R179 Discovery Miles 1 790 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Reader's Digest True Crime Vol 2 - Tales of Murder & Mayhem (Paperback): Reader's Digest Reader's Digest True Crime Vol 2 - Tales of Murder & Mayhem (Paperback)
Reader's Digest
R384 R364 Discovery Miles 3 640 Save R20 (5%) Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Contemporary Conspiracy Culture - Truth and Knowledge in an Era of Epistemic Instability (Hardcover): Jaron Harambam Contemporary Conspiracy Culture - Truth and Knowledge in an Era of Epistemic Instability (Hardcover)
Jaron Harambam
R4,488 Discovery Miles 44 880 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

In this ethnographic study, the author takes an agnostic stance towards the truth value of conspiracy theories and delves into the everyday lives of people active in the conspiracy milieu to understand better what the contemporary appeal of conspiracy theories is. Conspiracy theories have become popular cultural products, endorsed and shared by significant segments of Western societies. Yet our understanding of who these people are and why they are attracted by these alternative explanations of reality is hampered by their implicit and explicit pathologization. Drawing on a wide variety of empirical sources, this book shows in rich detail what conspiracy theories are about, which people are involved, how they see themselves, and what they practically do with these ideas in their everyday lives. The author inductively develops from these concrete descriptions more general theorizations of how to understand this burgeoning subculture. He concludes by situating conspiracy culture in an age of epistemic instability where societal conflicts over knowledge abound, and the Truth is no longer assured, but "out there" for us to grapple with. This book will be an important source for students and scholars from a range of disciplines interested in the depth and complexity of conspiracy culture, including Anthropology, Cultural Studies, Communication Studies, Ethnology, Folklore Studies, History, Media Studies, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology. More broadly, this study speaks to contemporary (public) debates about truth and knowledge in a supposedly post-truth era, including widespread popular distrusts towards elites, mainstream institutions and their knowledge.

Chaos - The Truth Behind the Manson Murders (Paperback): Tom O'Neill, Dan Piepenbring Chaos - The Truth Behind the Manson Murders (Paperback)
Tom O'Neill, Dan Piepenbring 1
R326 R299 Discovery Miles 2 990 Save R27 (8%) Ships in 9 - 17 working days

As featured on The Joe Rogan Experience ______________________________ A journalist's twenty-year obsession with the Manson murders leads to shocking new conspiracy theories about the FBI's involvement in this fascinating re-evaluation of one of the most infamous cases in American history. Twenty years ago, reporting for a routine magazine piece about the infamous Manson murders, journalist Tom O'Neill didn't expect to find anything new. But the discovery of horrifying new evidence kick-started an obsession and his life's work. What had he unearthed and what did it mean: why was there surveillance by intelligence agents? Why did the police make these particular mistakes and why did Tom's greatest ally in this fight turn into his biggest foe? Chaos is an explosive read that will shock, grip and change our understanding of a case that has haunted the world for over fifty years. ______________________________ 'Riveting ... Sensational revelations ... True crime fans will be enthralled.' PUBLISHERS WEEKLY '[Full of] scandalous findings ... to me it seems only too plausible. O'Neill's intricately sinister 'secret history' often sounds incredible; that doesn't mean that it's not all true.' OBSERVER 'Tantalizing ... Founded on prodigious research ... O'Neill's 20-year investigation reads like a thriller.' LOS ANGELES TIMES

The Dinosaur Artist - Obsession, Science, and the Global Quest for Fossils (Paperback): Paige Williams The Dinosaur Artist - Obsession, Science, and the Global Quest for Fossils (Paperback)
Paige Williams 1
R509 R478 Discovery Miles 4 780 Save R31 (6%) Ships in 18 - 22 working days
A Muslim Conspiracy in British India? - Politics and Paranoia in the Early Nineteenth-Century Deccan (Hardcover): Chandra... A Muslim Conspiracy in British India? - Politics and Paranoia in the Early Nineteenth-Century Deccan (Hardcover)
Chandra Mallampalli
R2,736 Discovery Miles 27 360 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

As the British prepared for war in Afghanistan in 1839, rumors spread of a Muslim conspiracy based in India's Deccan region. Colonial officials were convinced that itinerant preachers of jihad - whom they labelled 'Wahhabis' - were collaborating with Russian and Persian armies, and inspiring Muslim princes to revolt. Officials detained and interrogated Muslim travelers, conducted weapons inspections at princely forts, surveyed mosques, and ultimately annexed territories of the accused. Using untapped archival materials, Chandra Mallampalli describes how local intrigues, often having little to do with 'religion', manufactured belief in a global conspiracy against British rule. By skillfully narrating stories of the alleged conspirators, he shows how fears of the dreaded 'Wahhabi' sometimes prompted colonial authorities to act upon thin evidence, while also inspiring Muslim plots against princes not of their liking. At stake were not only questions about Muslim loyalty, but also the very ideals of a liberal empire.

The Wars Of Gods And Men - The Earth Chronicles - Book Three (Paperback): Z. Sitchin The Wars Of Gods And Men - The Earth Chronicles - Book Three (Paperback)
Z. Sitchin 1
R235 R222 Discovery Miles 2 220 Save R13 (6%) Ships in 18 - 22 working days

Thousands of years ago, the Earth was a battlefield. These were the wars that would shape man's destiny--terrible conflicts that began lifetimes earlier on another planet.

Parting the mists of time and myth, the internationally renowned scholar Zecharia Sitchin takes us back in this volume to the violent beginnings of the human story, when gods--not men--ruled the Earth.

In a spellbinding reconstruction of epic events preserved in legends and ancient writings, he traces the conflicts that began on another world, continued on Earth, and culminated in the use of nuclear weapons--an event recorded in the Bible as the upheaval of Sodom and Gomorrah.

Conspiracy - The greatest cover-ups and unsolved mysteries (Paperback): Ian Shircore Conspiracy - The greatest cover-ups and unsolved mysteries (Paperback)
Ian Shircore
R291 R266 Discovery Miles 2 660 Save R25 (9%) Ships in 9 - 17 working days

Did COVID-19 actually break out to kill 6 million people because of a leak from a Chinese laboratory? What are the links between QAnon and Russiagate, Alex Jones and Donald Trump? Why did our own MI5 try to block evidence about the death of Iraq weapons inspector Dr David Kelly and the radioactive poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko? Putin is a brute who lies as a matter of policy. Hitler tried to blame Poland for starting WWII. We live in a world of fake news and false flags, secret plots and unexplained deaths. But what on earth can you believe, when nothing's ever quite what it seems? In Conspiracy, Ian Shircore cuts through the fog and the fairy tales to deliver a balanced analysis of the stories that shape the times we live in. New evidence - from Freedom of Information requests, WikiLeaks files, deathbed confessions and declassified archives - has solved some classic mysteries. Yet it raises more questions than ever about the assassinations of the 1960s, the dirty secrets of the late 20th century and the deadly traumas of the last few years. Now fully updated with new cases, material and evidence.

COVID-19 The Conspiracy Theories (Paperback): David Gardner COVID-19 The Conspiracy Theories (Paperback)
David Gardner
R261 R239 Discovery Miles 2 390 Save R22 (8%) Ships in 9 - 17 working days

Investigative journalist David Gardner turns his uncompromising gaze on the many conspiracy theories connected with the COVID pandemic. With first-hand reporting and detailed investigations into the people who originated these COVID theories - some of them plausible, some driven by an agenda, and some plainly mad - he answers the questions that everyone has been asking for nearly two years since the pandemic began, and left us doubting our leaders as never before. When COVID-19 struck early in 2020, first in China and inexorably through the rest of the world, it quickly became the subject of the most virulent outbreak of conspiracy theories we have ever seen. The pandemic quickly became an infodemic. The President of the United States championed bleach as a cure, the Chinese government blamed the Americans, and the American government blamed the Chinese - a Cold War over a cold virus. David Icke said that COVID does not exist. People blamed 5G phone networks, genetically modified crops, Bill Gates, Corona beer, aliens, bats and pangolins . . . Yet these theorists are not all the obsessive cultists and paranoid mavericks with whom the conspiracy-theory label is often associated. They are your parents, your next-door neighbour, your boss at work. The question marks over the origins of COVID-19, the dangers of the virus. The world has been changed for ever by the events of the past two years. It is crucial that history offers an accurate account of what happened. This book will play a key role in revealing what - and what not - to believe.

Ancient Gods - Lost Histories, Hidden Truths, and the Conspiracy of Silence (Paperback): Jim Willis Ancient Gods - Lost Histories, Hidden Truths, and the Conspiracy of Silence (Paperback)
Jim Willis
R1,038 R892 Discovery Miles 8 920 Save R146 (14%) Ships in 18 - 22 working days

Sifting through the historical and archaeological evidence, Ancient Gods: Lost Histories, Hidden Truths, and the Conspiracy of Silence by Jim Wills probes the myths, stories, history and facts of ancient civilisations, lost technologies, past catastrophes, archetypical astronauts and bygone religions to tease out the truth of our distant past and modern existence.

A Murder in Music City - Corruption, Scandal, and the Framing of an Innocent Man (Paperback): Michael Bishop A Murder in Music City - Corruption, Scandal, and the Framing of an Innocent Man (Paperback)
Michael Bishop; Foreword by Richard Walter
R440 Discovery Miles 4 400 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

A private citizen discovers compelling evidence that a decades-old murder in Nashville was not committed by the man who went to prison for the crime but was the result of a conspiracy involving elite members of Nashville society. Nashville 1964. Eighteen-year-old babysitter Paula Herring is murdered in her home while her six-year-old brother apparently sleeps through the grisly event. A few months later a judge's son is convicted of the crime. Decades after the slaying, Michael Bishop, a private citizen,stumbles upon a secret file related to the case and with the help of some of the world's top forensic experts--including forensic psychologist Richard Walter (aka "the living Sherlock Holmes")--he uncovers the truth. What really happened is completely different from what the public was led to believe. Now, for the very first time, Bishop reveals the true story. In this true-crime page-turner, the author lays out compelling evidence that a circle of powerful citizens were key participants in the crime and the subsequent cover-up. The ne'er-do-well judge's son, who was falsely accused and sent to prison, proved to be the perfect setup man. The perpetrators used his checkered history to conceal the real facts for over half a century. Including interviews with the original defense attorney and a murder confession elicited from a nursing-home resident, the information presented here will change Nashville history forever.

I Did It - The Largest Woman-Run Ponzi Scheme in American History (Hardcover): Neil Senturia, Barbara Bry I Did It - The Largest Woman-Run Ponzi Scheme in American History (Hardcover)
Neil Senturia, Barbara Bry
R583 Discovery Miles 5 830 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Knowledge Resistance - How We Avoid Insight from Others (Hardcover): Mikael Klintman Knowledge Resistance - How We Avoid Insight from Others (Hardcover)
Mikael Klintman
R720 Discovery Miles 7 200 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Why do people and groups ignore, deny and resist knowledge about society's many problems? In a world of 'alternative facts', 'fake news' that some believe could be remedied by 'factfulness', the question has never been more pressing. After years of ideologically polarised debates on this topic, the book seeks to further advance our understanding of the phenomenon of knowledge resistance by integrating insights from the social, economic and evolutionary sciences. It identifies simplistic views in public and scholarly debates about what facts, knowledge and human motivations are and what 'rational' use of information actually means. The examples used include controversies about nature-nurture, climate change, gender roles, vaccination, genetically modified food and artificial intelligence. Drawing on cutting-edge scholarship as well as personal experiences of culture clashes, the book is aimed at the general, educated public as well as students and scholars interested in the interface of human motivation and the urgent social problems of today. -- .

The Heretics - Adventures with the Enemies of Science (Paperback, Reprints): Will Storr The Heretics - Adventures with the Enemies of Science (Paperback, Reprints)
Will Storr 1
R257 Discovery Miles 2 570 Ships in 4 - 6 working days

Why do obviously intelligent people believe things in spite of the evidence against them? Will Storr has travelled across the world to meet an extraordinary cast of modern heretics in order to answer this question. He goes on a tour of Holocaust sites with David Irving and a band of neo-Nazis, experiences his own murder during 'past-life regression' hypnosis, takes part in a mass homeopathic overdose, and investigates a new disease affecting tens of thousands of people - a disease that doesn't actually exist. Using a unique mix of personal memoir, investigative journalism and the latest research from neuroscience and experimental psychology, Storr reveals why the facts just won't convince some people, and how the neurological 'hero-maker' inside all of us can so easily lead to self-deception and science-denial. The Heretics will change the way you think about thinking.

The Humbugs of the World (Paperback): P.T. Barnum The Humbugs of the World (Paperback)
P.T. Barnum
R1,027 Discovery Miles 10 270 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Ebenezer Scrooge's cry of 'Humbug!' is well known throughout the English-speaking world. But what did he mean? In this entertaining book, P. T. Barnum (1810-91), defines 'humbug' as 'glittering appearances by which to suddenly arrest public attention, and attract the public eye and ear'. A showman himself and the creator of 'The Greatest Show on Earth', Barnum was famous for his own tricks, and describes here some of the most fascinating and outrageous examples perpetrated in his time. He explores the cases of Mr Warren, who wrote an advertisement in enormous letters on the pyramids of Giza, and the Fox daughters, who caused a stir among spiritualists in New York when they held seances with tapping spirits - in fact their own cracking knee joints. First published in 1866, this tour of Victorian humbug, fraud, superstition and quackery will appeal to social historians and readers interested in nineteenth-century popular culture.

Foundations of Atlantis, Ancient Astronauts and Other Alternative Pasts - 148 Documents Cited by Writers of Fringe History,... Foundations of Atlantis, Ancient Astronauts and Other Alternative Pasts - 148 Documents Cited by Writers of Fringe History, Translated with Annotations (Paperback)
Jason Colavito
R927 R693 Discovery Miles 6 930 Save R234 (25%) Ships in 10 - 15 working days

The public enjoys considering questions like, did aliens visit ancient civilizations? Could Jesus have fathered a dynasty? Did people of the ancient world visit the Americas centuries before Columbus? Such wonderings have spawned countless books, movies and television series, but very often missing is any actual evidence behind the claims. According to many writers and TV hosts, evidence for ancient astronauts or early transatlantic voyages can be found in ancient texts. But too often sources remain obscure and some writers have altered or fabricated texts to make their case for extraterrestrials and lost civilizations. This book examines more than 130 primary sources texts used to make the case for Atlantis, aliens, fallen angels, the Great Flood, giants, transatlantic voyagers, ancient high technology and many other mysteries. The texts covered reach as far back as ancient Egypt and come from cultures as diverse as Greece, Mexico and China. English translations are presented with explanatory notes showing how these texts have been used and abused to make entertaining claims about prehistory.

Plunder of the Ancients - A True Story of Betrayal, Redemption, and an Undercover Quest to Recover Sacred Native American... Plunder of the Ancients - A True Story of Betrayal, Redemption, and an Undercover Quest to Recover Sacred Native American Artifacts (Hardcover)
Lucinda Schroeder
R537 Discovery Miles 5 370 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

In the heart of Indian Country in the American west, clandestine criminals have profited greatly from the sale of sacred Native American artifacts stolen from tribal lands. These artifacts were so ancient they had been used since the migration of the first Americans into North America some 15,000 years ago. In 1998 the illegal trafficking of these artifacts peaked in Santa Fe, New Mexico. At the same time, the tribes and pueblos in New Mexico and Arizona fell into crisis because many of their sacred ceremonies couldn't be conducted. Without their ceremonial objects, sickness and deep depression became prevalent and the spiritual leaders became desperate to get their divine artifacts back to restore the health, happiness and balance of their people. Plunder of the Ancients is a rare look inside an undercover investigation in which special agent Lucinda Schroeder reveals the details of her case in which she was assigned to expose Indian Art thieves and dealers in Santa Fe, New Mexico, who out of unmitigated greed, were exploiting sacred artifacts for huge sums of money. Her final task was to bring the criminals to justice; recover the sacred artifacts and return them to their rightful people. But all did not go well for Schroeder. While her cover was airtight, she faced betrayal from people she regarded beyond reproach. Her additional challenge then became to find out who was so determined to undermine and even destroy her mission of restoring the spiritual lives of Native Americans who were suffering. Plunder of the Ancients takes readers along on a dangerous and unprecedented assignment as Schroeder battles betrayal, evil spirits, and shape shifters for a cause she strongly believes in. Learn more at www.lucindaschroeder.com

Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions (Paperback): Charles Mackay Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions (Paperback)
Charles Mackay
R941 Discovery Miles 9 410 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book is a joy to read and remains relevant in the current era of financial boom and bust. Mackay examines animal magnetism, money-mania, tulip-mania, the history of hair and facial hair, the crusades, haunted houses, and much more. Throughout history, the most extraordinary fashions and trends have been followed unthinkingly, and occasionally this crowd fever has overtaken not only a town but a whole country; in some cases much of western Europe was engulfed simultaneously. The ability of some manias to be so far-reaching, and for common sense and intelligence to abandon such large populations seem incredible, though the book is as thought-provoking now as it was when first published in 1852. Brought to life with exquisite engravings and witty commentary, the first volume focusses on the financial bubbles in Europe and the wide-ranging consequences of fashions in hair, prophecies and alchemy.

Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions (Paperback): Charles Mackay Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions (Paperback)
Charles Mackay
R1,028 Discovery Miles 10 280 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book is a joy to read and remains relevant in the current era of financial boom and bust. Mackay examines animal magnetism, money-mania, tulip-mania, the history of hair and facial hair, haunted houses, and much more. Throughout history, the most extraordinary fashions and trends have been followed unthinkingly, and occasionally this crowd fever has overtaken not only a town but a whole country; in some cases much of western Europe was engulfed simultaneously. The ability of some manias to be so far-reaching, and for common sense and intelligence to abandon such large populations seem incredible, though the book is as thought-provoking now as it was when first published in 1852. Volume 2 examines the fervour of the crusades and of witch trials, both of which engulfed Europe at different times. Explored on a lighter note are haunted houses and a fashion for lady poisoners.

By the Grace of Guile - The Role of Deception in Natural History and Human Affairs (Hardcover): Loyal Rue By the Grace of Guile - The Role of Deception in Natural History and Human Affairs (Hardcover)
Loyal Rue
R907 Discovery Miles 9 070 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

The nihilists are right, admits philosopher Loyal Rue. The universe is blind and aimless, indifferent to us and void of meaning. There are no absolute truths and no objective values. There is no right or wrong way to live, only alternative ways. There is no correct reading of a text or a picture or a dance. God is dead, nihilism reigns. But, Rue adds, nihilism is a truth inconsistent with personal happiness and social coherence. What we need instead is a new myth, a noble lie. Only a noble lie can save us from the psychological and social chaos now threatened by the spread of skepticism about the meaning of life and the universe.
In By the Grace of Guile, Loyal Rue offers a wide ranging look at the importance of deception in nature and in human society, concluding with an argument for a noble lie to replace the religious beliefs rejected by modern thought. Most of the book is a provocative apology for deception, illuminating its role in the shaping of history, evolution, personality, and society. Ranging from the Bible and Greek philosophy, to Saint Augustine and Montaigne, to Galileo, Kirkegaard, and Freud, Rue shows that it may be more accurate to describe the history of our culture as a flight from deception than as a quest for truth. He turns then to the natural world to reveal how deception works at every level of life, ranging from plants that mimic dung, carrion, or prey to lure insects that then spread pollen, to a remarkable African insect (Acanthaspis petax) that bedecks itself with dead ants and enters the ant colony undetected to binge at will. Moreover, he points out that psychological research has shown that strategies of deception and self-deception are essential to our personal well-being, that we sometimes shore up our self-esteem by deceptive means, by leaving others in a state of ignorance, by manipulating others into a state of false belief, by suppressing information from consciousness, and by fabricating or distorting our own sense of reality. And he argues that social coherence is achievable only within certain optimal limits of deception--the social fabric would be threatened by an overabundance of lies and false promises, of course, but it would also collapse if everyone were perfectly honest all the time. Finally, he argues that society is caught up in a Kulturkampf with nihilists promoting intellectual and moral relativism and realists defending objective and universal truths. The noble lie, says Rue, would introduce a third voice, one which first agrees with the nihilists that universal myths are pretentious lies, but then insists, against the nihilists, that without such lies humanity cannot survive.
The challenge, he concludes, is ultimately an aesthetic one: it remains for the artists, poets, novelists, musicians, filmmakers, and other masters of illusion to seduce us into an embrace with a noble lie. We need a new myth that tells us where we have come from, what our nature is, and how we should live together--a story with the courage and presumption to say how things really are and what really matters.

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