The emergence of the Internet and the digital world has changed the way people access, produce and share information and knowledge. Yet people in Africa face challenges in accessing scholarly publications, journals and learning materials in general. At the heart of these challenges, and solutions to them, is copyright, the branch of intellectual property rights that covers written and related works.

This book gives the reader an understanding of the legal and practical issues posed by copyright for access to learning materials in Africa, and identifies the relevant lessons, best policies and best practices that would broaden and deepen this access.

This book is based on the work of the African Copyright and Access to Knowledge (ACA2K) research network, launched in late 2007 as a network of researchers committed to probing the relationship between copyright and learning materials access in eight African countries: Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa and Uganda.

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1883 Edition.

A revealing and gripping investigation into how social media platforms police what we post online-and the large societal impact of these decisions Most users want their Twitter feed, Facebook page, and YouTube comments to be free of harassment and porn. Whether faced with "fake news" or livestreamed violence, "content moderators"-who censor or promote user-posted content-have never been more important. This is especially true when the tools that social media platforms use to curb trolling, ban hate speech, and censor pornography can also silence the speech you need to hear. In this revealing and nuanced exploration, award-winning sociologist and cultural observer Tarleton Gillespie provides an overview of current social media practices and explains the underlying rationales for how, when, and why these policies are enforced. In doing so, Gillespie highlights that content moderation receives too little public scrutiny even as it is shapes social norms and creates consequences for public discourse, cultural production, and the fabric of society. Based on interviews with content moderators, creators, and consumers, this accessible, timely book is a must-read for anyone who's ever clicked "like" or "retweet."

Does America have a free press? Many who answer yes appeal to First Amendment protections that shield the press from government censorship. But in this comprehensive history of American press freedom as it has existed in theory, law, and practice, Sam Lebovic shows that, on its own, the right of free speech has been insufficient to guarantee a free press. Lebovic recovers a vision of press freedom, prevalent in the mid-twentieth century, based on the idea of unfettered public access to accurate information. This "right to the news" responded to persistent worries about the quality and diversity of the information circulating in the nation's news. Yet as the meaning of press freedom was contested in various arenas-Supreme Court cases on government censorship, efforts to regulate the corporate newspaper industry, the drafting of state secrecy and freedom of information laws, the unionization of journalists, and the rise of the New Journalism-Americans chose to define freedom of the press as nothing more than the right to publish without government censorship. The idea of a public right to all the news and information was abandoned, and is today largely forgotten. Free Speech and Unfree News compels us to reexamine assumptions about what freedom of the press means in a democratic society-and helps us make better sense of the crises that beset the press in an age of aggressive corporate consolidation in media industries, an increasingly secretive national security state, and the daily newspaper's continued decline.

Should news reporters express political opinions on their personal Twitter accounts? Are advertisements that look like news deceptive or simply creative? How much public relations "spin" is appropriate when communicating during an environmental crisis? Media Ethics Today: Issues, Analysis, Solutions charts a thoughtful path through increasingly complex ethical issues faced by today's journalism, advertising, and public relations practitioners. The book lays a foundation for ethical decision making in mass media by focusing on fundamental values and examining their application to each field. It explores current issues involving privacy, deception, plagiarism, and diversity; analyzes dilemmas arising from the use of digital imagery; and discusses social media's implications for public engagement, from citizen journalism to consumer reviews. Rich in real-world examples of success and failure, the book helps aspiring media practitioners learn to identify ethical concerns and employ practical templates for making sound decisions. Designed to provoke debate and guide problem solving, Media Ethics Today will add an important dimension to courses in communication ethics, journalism, and strategic communication.

This is a work of nonfiction plus some speculation. It's largely about drones and their very rapid miniaturization, their present and coming use in law enforcement and war, and a potential future in which spy and communication equipment will literally be the size of dust motes, almost impossible to see and impossible to escape.
It's also about the complete lack of privacy that is coming in the future.
Parts of the book are encouraging, detailing how such devices will help rescue people after disasters, help people escape the control of repressive governments, and simply communicate more easily with one another. But most of the book is chilling indeed, portraying a future that will be very, very different from our past.
What's really important is that this is NOT a work of science fiction. Many of the devices described here either exist already or are in the development stage.
No matter where you fall on the political spectrum, you need to read this book, because to know the future is to help yourself prepare for it.

The author argues that not only Ancient philosophers and political thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment saw the guiding and prominent role of educated elites and their censorship of thoughts and mores of the rest as an important factor in preserving Liberty in society. Such an argument was also an essential part of the Founding Fathers' reasoning. The resulting "Aristocratic Constitution" (in terms of Anti-Federalists) was meant to limit imprudence of the general populace, in particular that which was influenced by the autocratic, Bible-centered political ideology of the Puritan, Calvinist sects. When the paternalistic social model of the Founders was over-throned during the Civil War, which was effectively a coup d'etat of the Big Capital supported by Puritans who saw commonalities between their self-reliance doctrine and the new unrestricted predatory capitalism ideology, original mechanisms of the Founders' Constitution had begun to work against Liberty. The firm hold on the power by the union of the Big Capital and Evangelicals was briefly and indecisively interrupted by the Progressivist ideas of the New Deal, but now it is precipitously strengthening again. In such conditions the unrestricted Freedom of Speech and Expressions, guarded not exclusively from the infringements of the Government, but also from the Special Interest Groups and individuals, is the only way to save our deteriorating Liberty.

Covering topics ranging from web filters to laws aimed at preventing the flow of information, this book explores freedom-and censorship-of the Internet and considers the advantages and disadvantages of policies at each end of the spectrum. Combining reference entries with perspective essays, this timely book undertakes an impartial exploration of Internet censorship, examining the two sides of the debate in depth. On the one side are those who believe censorship, to a greater or lesser degree, is acceptable; on the other are those who play the critical role of information freedom fighters. In Internet Censorship: A Reference Handbook, experts help readers understand these diverse views on Internet access and content viewing, revealing how both groups do what they do and why. The handbook shares key events associated with the Internet's evolution, starting with its beginnings and culminating in the present. It probes the motivation of newsmakers like Julian Assange, the Anonymous, and WikiLeaks hacker groups, and of risk-takers like Private Bradley Manning. It also looks at ways in which Internet censorship is used as an instrument of governmental control and at the legal and moral grounds cited to defend these policies, addressing, for example, why the governments of China and Iran believe it is their duty to protect citizens by filtering online content believed to be harmful. Introduces key concepts and traces the evolution of Internet censorship from its earliest days Shows how anti-censorship groups-including the American Civil Liberties Union, the OpenNet Initiative, Reporters Without Borders, Anonymous, WikiLeaks, and the Censorware Project-band together to fight for freedom of information Explores the role of American businesses in facilitating Internet censorship abroad Shares opinions on Internet freedom versus Internet censorship from experts in a range of fields, including criminology, political science, philosophy, and psychology Includes an overview of Internet usage and penetration rates by region and an examination of the Freedom on the Net 2012 findings

In this moving, funny and sometimes chilling book, leading Australians open their ASIO files and read what the state's security apparatus said about them. Writers from across the political spectrum including Mark Aarons, Phillip Adams, Nadia Wheatley, Michael Kirby and Anne Summers confront - and in some cases reclaim - their pasts. Reflecting on the interpretations, observations and proclamations that anonymous officials make about your personal life is not easy - at least for some. Yet we see outrage mixed with humour and writers reflect on the way their political views have - or haven't - changed. Surrounded by influential Australians and piles of paper from our recent past, activist, politician and writer Meredith Burgmann has produced a book where those being watched look right back.

A collaboration between an attorney and an animal protection advocate, this work utilises the extremely controversial and high-profile "crush video" case, US v. Stevens, to explore how American society attempts to balance the protection of free speech and the prevention of animal cruelty. Starting from the detailed case study of a single prominent ruling, the authors provide a masterful survey of important issues facing society in the area of animal welfare. The Stevens case included various "hot topic" elements connected to the role of government as arbiter of public morality, including judicial attitudes to sexual deviance and dogfighting.

There has been a war against the American people for many decades. These aggressors are not camped out in some far away land with heat and sand or jungle and vicious insects but rather they are in corporate board rooms and in penthouse apartments; some even sit in elected offices wearing an American flag pin, all the while plotting to further destroy the principals that we once stood for as a nation. This war is to eradicate the fundamental principles that our forefathers both rich and poor sacrificed and risked everything to birth our nation. This book will cover much of the assaults against us as a nation and bring to bear the responsibility to the hearts of the American people to make a proactive effort to stand together to change their lives and the world around them. Some will call this book sedition and some will call it our freedom of speech. You the reader will be the final judge of the contents of this book.

For some, he was "America's leading smut king," hauled into court repeatedly over thirty years for peddling obscene publications through the mail. But when Samuel Roth appealed a 1956 conviction, he forced the Supreme Court to finally come to grips with a problem that had plagued both American society and constitutional law for longer than he had been in business. For while the facts of "Roth v. United States" were unexceptional, its constitutional issues would define the relationship of obscenity to the First Amendment.

The Supreme Court's 6-3 decision in "Roth" for the first time tried to definitively rule on the issue of obscenity in American life and law--and failed. In this first book-length examination of the case, Whitney Strub lays out the history of obscenity's meaning as a legal concept, highlights the influence of antivice crusaders like Anthony Comstock and John Sumner, and chronicles the shadowy career that led Roth to spend nearly a decade of his life imprisoned for the allegedly obscene materials that he sent through the mails. Strub then unwraps the events that produced "Roth v. United States," placing the trial in the context of its times--the Kinsey Reports, the Kefauver hearings, free speech debates--by using Roth's own private papers along with the records of the various prosecutions and the memos of the justices.

The significance of "Roth," as Strub reveals, lay in the two faces of Justice William Brennan's majority opinion--which on the one hand reflected the liberalizing attitude toward sexual matters in mid-century America, but on the other kept "obscene" expressions beyond First Amendment protection. Because that ruling points up the contradictions of a society where the prurient and repressive commingle uncomfortably, Strub shows how Roth says much more about American sexual values than Brennan's written words necessarily acknowledged.

In our era of internet pornography and "Fifty Shades of Grey," it may be difficult to imagine a time when obscenity was a matter for the courts. As Strub tracks the legacy of "Roth" and obscenity law through the ongoing policing of acceptable sexuality into the twenty-first century, his riveting narrative brings those times to life and helps readers navigate the fine line between what is socially acceptable and what is criminally obscene.

For some, he was "America's leading smut king," hauled into court repeatedly over thirty years for peddling obscene publications through the mail. But when Samuel Roth appealed a 1956 conviction, he forced the Supreme Court to finally come to grips with a problem that had plagued both American society and constitutional law for longer than he had been in business. For while the facts of "Roth v. United States" were unexceptional, its constitutional issues would define the relationship of obscenity to the First Amendment.

The Supreme Court's 6-3 decision in "Roth" for the first time tried to definitively rule on the issue of obscenity in American life and law--and failed. In this first book-length examination of the case, Whitney Strub lays out the history of obscenity's meaning as a legal concept, highlights the influence of antivice crusaders like Anthony Comstock and John Sumner, and chronicles the shadowy career that led Roth to spend nearly a decade of his life imprisoned for the allegedly obscene materials that he sent through the mails. Strub then unwraps the events that produced "Roth v. United States," placing the trial in the context of its times--the Kinsey Reports, the Kefauver hearings, free speech debates--by using Roth's own private papers along with the records of the various prosecutions and the memos of the justices.

The significance of "Roth," as Strub reveals, lay in the two faces of Justice William Brennan's majority opinion--which on the one hand reflected the liberalizing attitude toward sexual matters in mid-century America, but on the other kept "obscene" expressions beyond First Amendment protection. Because that ruling points up the contradictions of a society where the prurient and repressive commingle uncomfortably, Strub shows how Roth says much more about American sexual values than Brennan's written words necessarily acknowledged.

In our era of internet pornography and "Fifty Shades of Grey," it may be difficult to imagine a time when obscenity was a matter for the courts. As Strub tracks the legacy of "Roth" and obscenity law through the ongoing policing of acceptable sexuality into the twenty-first century, his riveting narrative brings those times to life and helps readers navigate the fine line between what is socially acceptable and what is criminally obscene.