It took Henry VIII twenty-eight years, three wives, and a break with Rome before he secured a legitimate male heir. Yet he already had a son - the illegitimate Henry Fitzroy. Fitzroy was born in 1519 after the King's affair with Elizabeth Blount. He was the only illegitimate offspring ever acknowledged by Henry VIII, and Cardinal Wolsey was even one of his godparents. So just how close did he come to being Henry IX?

Brenda Ralph Lewis presents an informative overview of how kings and queens came about and of the many forces that have shaped the identity of monarchy and in many cases caused its downfall.

This volume contains chronological lists of creation in the peerages of England and Great Britain 1649-1800 and of Ireland 1603-1898 providing details of the grantees and the peerages conferred, indicating any special features and including full details of the sources used.

Each entry specifies the date of creation, the names of the grantee and both the principal and any subordinate titles conferred
Includes the sources from which the information is derived, together with an indication of where the texts of the patents of creation are to be found
Details are also provided where a peerage was granted with a special limitation in remainder
Based on a systematic examination of the documents of creation which has led to the correction of numerous errors - this is of particular value in the case of Ireland where the public records were destroyed in 1922

In Because of Eva, an American Jewish woman travels to Eastern Europe and Israel to solve mysteries in her family's past by delving into World War II and Holocaust history. What began as a seemingly simple search for ""Eva,"" the elderly relative who had signed Gordon's grandfather's death certificate in New York long ago, became a journey of discovery when Gordon found her in Tel Aviv. There, she heard Eva's stories of survival during the Holocaust, especially in Nazi-occupied Budapest. Eventually, Gordon would retrace Eva's steps in Budapest and visit ancestral towns in Ukraine to bear witness to the slaughter of entire populations of Jews. Amid remnants of loss and destruction in the small town where her grandfather was born, Gordon also uncovered details of her family's world before relatives immigrated to America. Gordon's journey into her past provided the deep sense of connection and belonging she needed as an adult child of divorce and abuse. Gaining insight about her family's history, Gordon reconciles issues of betrayal and loyalty, and finally finds her place in Judaism. Part memoir, part detective story, Because of Eva is an intimate tale of one woman's history within the epic sweep of world events in the twentieth century.

Epitaphs of the Great War Passchendaele is an edited collection of headstone inscriptions from the graves of those killed during the Third Battle of Ypres - Passchendaele. Limited by the Imperial War Graves Commission to sixty-six characters - far more restrictive than Twitter's 140-character rule - these inscriptions are masterpieces of compact emotion. But, as Sarah Wearne says, their enforced brevity means that many inscriptions rely on the reader being able to pick up on the references and allusions, or recognise the quotations - and many twenty-first-century readers don't. Consequently she has selected one hundred inscriptions from the battlefield cemeteries and by expanding the context - religious, literary or personal - she has been able to give full voice to the bereaved. This collection, the second in a short series, will be published to coincide with the centenary of the opening of the Passchendaele offensive on 31 July 1917. Together with Epitaphs of the Great War The Somme, published on 1 July 2016, these books cover the epitaphs of the ordinary and the famous, the privileged and the poor, the generals and the privates and, after a hundred years, give us an insight into what contemporaries believed they had been fighting for and how they viewed the loss of the men they had loved.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Discover your genealogy using the latest methodsThoroughly revised to cover new tools, techniques, and data, How to Do Everything: Genealogy, Fourth Edition uniquely addresses all the major genealogical record types and explains traditional and digital researchstrategies. Genealogy expert George G. Morgan shows you how to research your family history using the most current websites, mobile apps, social networking sites, record archives, census data, digital records, DNA research, and more. Discover your family's past with help from the new edition of this bestselling guide. Start an effective, well-organized genealogical research project Work with traditional, electronic, and genetic research Analyze and organize your family information Locate and access genealogy records in the U.S., U.K., Ireland, Canada, and Australia Place your ancestors in geographical and historical context Learn successful Internet search techniques Locate vital, civil registration, census, and church records Track down military, property, and immigration and naturalization records Access libraries, archives, and other repositories online Research and verify your ancestors using geneticgenealogy (DNA) Get past brick walls and dead ends Incorporate social networking into your research

The material contained in the "Early Christian Inscriptions of Munster" comprises carved stone monuments of various types from simple grave-markers to ambitious, ornately decorated public monuments. They are an important source of evidence for the history and culture of early Christian Munster, particularly in view of the scarcity of material for most of the region during this period. Their texts also provide examples of early Irish and Hiberno-Latin, which are demonstrably contemporary and not modernized by later scribal copying. They are also the only examples of non-ogham script of the period. The need for a new Corpus, which lists the stones with an accurate account of the present location, as well as a record of the reading before further deterioration can take place is clear. A text which considers the stones as a group is essential, both to facilitate the comparison of individual stones and to evaluate each stone in an overall context. Much of the previous work in this area is now outdated, lacks adequate or reliable illustrations and pays little attention to the physical aspects of the monuments or their locations. Stones have been lost, others found or moved to different locations, atmospheric conditions have caused texts to deteriorate. "The Early Christian Inscriptions of Munster" will be invaluable to those working in the fields of this history, language and culture of Early Christian Ireland. In addition the book will be of great interest to people living in or visiting Munster who wish to extend their knowledge of the earlier culture of the area.

Queen Victoria's son, Prince Leopold, died from hemophilia, but no member of the royal family before his generation had suffered from the condition. Medically, there are only two possibilities: either one of Victoria's parents had a 1 in 50,000 random mutation, or Victoria was the illegitimate child of a hemophiliac man. However the hemophilia gene arose, it had a profound effect on history. Two of Victoria's daughters were silent carriers who passed the disease to the Spanish and Russian royal families. The disease played a role in the origin of the Spanish Civil War; and the tsarina's concern over her only son's hemophilia led to the entry of Rasputin into the royal household, contributing directly to the Russian revolution.

In this last book by the late Donald Pitkin, author of The House that Giacomo Built, comes a story of the Schorcht family, through whose fortunes and struggles one can see the transformations of Germany through the long twentieth century.Each chapter of Four Germanys is reflective of generational rather than historical time. In 1922, Edwin Schorcht inherited his family farm, and in Part One, Pitkin traces the derivation of this farmstead. Part Two focuses on Schorcht's children who came of age in Hitler's Germany. Part Three has the Schorchts growing up in the Ulbricht years (1950-73) of the German Democratic Republic. The book concludes with the great-granddaughter, Maria, looking back to the past in relation to the new Germany that history had bequeathed her.Ultimately, Four Germanys reflects the impact of critical historical events on ordinary East Germans while it also reveals how one particular family managed its own historical adaptation to these events.

This monograph is based on a symposium held in the National Gallery, London which showed how Richard II's beliefs may have been expressed in the highly religious work, the Wilton Diptych, and how he aspired to equal in magnificence the royal figures of Europe, in particular Bohemia and France. Richard's love of material splendour from the rebuilding of Westminster Hall to his lavish expenditure on dress and gifts is argued in these essays. All the facets of the regal image are underpinned by experts in the history, sociology and artefacts of the period, who in their studies aim to bring out the political difficulties under which Richard was operating.

The Alberta Order of Excellence is the highest honour the Province of Alberta can bestow on a citizen. Members of The Alberta Order of Excellence come from all walks of life. Their careers range from medicine, science, engineering, law, and business to politics, education, agriculture, and the arts. The one thing all members have in common is that they have made an outstanding provincial, national, or international service contribution.

This work is a significant contribution to the study of kingship and the ritual process, two longstanding areas of anthropological debate both within and beyond South Asia. The Deregulation of Princes Act 1971, was designed to bring to an end the last vestiges of kingly rule in India. Part of a political process begun under British rule, the Act took away the royal privileges of the maharajas and sought fully to integrate them as citizens in a modern democracy. But today, a form of kingship persists in India even though legally kings no longer exist. Many former maharajas continue to exercise considerable power and influence at both local and national levels. This study is an examination of the proceses by which royal power has survived and been transformed within modern India. Focussed on the city of Jodhpur in the nothern state of Rajasthan, the study looks in particular at a set of ritual practices by which royal power is legitimated and consolidated through appeals to a fluid notion of tradition. Drawing upon fieldwork and archival research, this study brings together the disciplines of anthropology and history; it locates its ethnographic examples within broad comparative historical and religious contexts. states. Series editors: Wendy James & Nick Allen

The fun way to research your family history Genealogy For Dummies, 8th Edition covers everything you need to know about starting a genealogical research project including where and how to find information, how to communicate with other online genealogists, how to leverage social networking sites and apps, how to add digital images to your family tree, and how to build your own site for sharing information. It also explains the use of compiled genealogies, U.S. Census information, and public access catalogs. Brand new to this edition is content on how to conduct genealogical research on the road, and on how to take this research and integrate it into the data found at home. It also contains new information on DNA research and testing, new geocoding applications to record geographic data into a genealogical database, and other new technologies. The book covers which apps are worth your money, and how to get the most out of them. * Use the latest tools to research family history * Create your own site to showcase your family tree, digital images, and compiled genealogies * Get access to free versions of Legacy Family Tree and Personal Ancestral Files * Utilize both online and offline research techniques and tools Follow the clues to uncover your family's legacy and have fun along the way!

With the Almanach de Gotha's return in 1998, after a hiatus of more than 50 years, Sir Stephen Runciman wrote in the Spectator "In this present age, which we are often told sees the twilight of royalty, it is comforting to be able to welcome the reappearance of the most distinguished of genealogical almanacs." The 250th Anniversary 2013 edition follows the successful format of previous editions with family listings including births, marriages and deaths of all living members. Volume II lists the non-sovereign Princely and Ducal Houses of Europe and has been fully updated to include additional families and to note those houses that are now extinct. A number of houses are included for the first time. This is the official and authorised publication. The most comprehensive listing of its kind, with an impeccable pedigree, the book remains an essential reference for genealogists, libraries and scholars. There is and never has been a comparable source, a book once described as "the second most important ever published."

Annette Kuhn has a reputation as a theorist of culture, dissecting film and other images in books like "Women's Pictures" and "The Power of the Image". In this book, she turns her attention to the deconstruction of pictures closer to home - photographs from her own childhood and images from her shared ethnographic past - to trace a trajectory from personal to collective acts of memory. This new edition features a new introduction and an additional chapter.

In 2018, the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George celebrated the 200th anniversary of its foundation. Originally instituted to recognise service in the Mediterranean region, principally in Malta and the Ionian Islands, the scope of the Order has been extended on a number of occasions, and is now the main United Kingdom honour for service overseas to British interests. The first full-length history of the Order was published in 2000, and this newly revised and updated edition is published to commemorate the bicentenary of the Order's foundation. Fifteen chapters cover its historical development, from it use in Britain's Mediterranean empire, its extension to the wider British Empire, its uses by the Diplomatic Service and the armed forces in, and now for overseas service generally. The book includes a chapter on the work of Bishop Henry Montgomery (father of Field Marshal Montgomery) in creating a chapel for the Order in St Paul's Cathedral in 1904, and another on the changing styles of the robes and insignia. The Order of St Michael and St George is one of the lesser-known British honours, but this well-illustrated volume helps to shed a light on the Order and tells its fascinating story.

The newest addition to Applewood's "Books of American Wisdom" series is this handsome guide to the American flag, a concise collection of the history and etiquette of the U.S. flag. The book, bound in hardcover in a distinctive blue leatherette with gold stamping, includes details of the laws relating to the U.S. flag, as described in the United States Code; information about the Pledge of Allegiance and Flag Day; a guide to flag presentation and care; and a timeline of flags, noting the date each state was added to the union. It makes the perfect gift for anyone who cherishes the flag and the republic for which it stands.

The concept of kinship is at the heart of understanding not only the structure and development of a society, but also the day-to-day interactions of its citizens. Kinship in Ancient Athens aims to illuminate both of these issues by providing a comprehensive account of the structures and perceptions of kinship in Athenian society, covering the archaic and classical periods from Drakon and Solon up to Menander. Drawing on decades of research into a wide range of epigraphic, literary, and archaeological sources, and on S. C. Humphreys' expertise in the intersections between ancient history and anthropology, it not only puts a wealth of data at readers' fingertips, but subjects it to rigorous analysis. By utilizing an anthropological approach to reconstruct patterns of behaviour it is able to offer us an ethnographic 'thick description' of ancient Athenians' interaction with their kin that offers insights into a range of social contexts, from family life, rituals, and economic interactions, to legal matters, politics, warfare, and more. The work is arranged into two volumes, both utilizing the same anthropological approach to ancient sources. Volume I explores interactions and conflicts shaped by legal and economic constraints (adoption, guardianship, marriage, inheritance, property), as well as more optional relationships in the field of ritual (naming, rites de passage, funerals and commemoration, dedications, cultic associations) and political relationships, both formal (Assembly, Council) and informal (hetaireiai). Among several important and novel topics discussed are the sociological analysis of names and nicknames, the features of kin structure that advantaged or disadvantaged women in legal disputes, and the economic relations of dependence and independence between fathers and sons. Volume II deals with corporate groups recruited by patrifiliation and explores the role of kinship in these subdivisions of the citizen body: tribes and trittyes (both pre-Kleisthenic and Kleisthenic), phratries, gene, and demes. The section on the demes stresses variety rather than common features, and provides comprehensive information on location and prosopography in a tribally organized catalogue.

Parish registers are a vast, important but widely scattered archive. They are essential to the family historian, providing the only written record of the vast majority of our ancestors who left but three brief mentions - a baptism, a marriage and a burial. This guide to parish registers, now in its third edition, and covering England, Scotland and Wales, is a vital, time-saving tool that has become universally known as 'the genealogist's bible'. The Atlas includes the famous county 'parish' maps, which show pre-1832 parochial boundaries, colour-coded probate jurisdictions, starting dates of surviving registers, and churches and chapels, where relevant. Topographical maps face each 'parish' map, and show the contemporary road system and other local features, to help deduce the likely movement of people beyond the searcher's starting point. The Index lists the parishes, with grid references to the county maps. It indicates the present whereabouts of original registers and copies, and whether a parish is included in other indexes. It also gives registration districts and census information. Thus in this invaluable guide, the user may quickly find answers to such questions as: Have the registers been deposited? Where may they be found? What outside dates do they cover? Have they been copied or indexed, and by whom?

Images and image cycles with genealogical content were everywhere in the high and later Middle Ages. They represent families related by blood as well as successive office holders and appear as family trees and lineages of single figures in manuscripts, on walls and in stained glass, and in sculpture and metalwork. Yet art historians have hardly remarked on the frequency of these images. Considering the physical contexts and functions of these works alongside the goals of their patrons, this volume examines groups of figural genealogies ranging across northern Europe and dating from the mid-twelfth to the mid-fourteenth century. Joan A. Holladay considers how they were used to legitimize rulers and support their political and territorial goals, to reinforce archbishops' rights to crown kings, to cement relationships between families of founders and their monastic foundations, and to commemorate the dead. The flexibility and legibility of this genre was key to its widespread use.

In the modern era, every family and local community can cultivate its own history, endowing living people with meanings inherited from the people of the past, by means of today's computer-based information and communication technologies. A new profession is emerging, family historians, serving the wider public by assisting in collection and analysis of fascinating data, by teaching talented amateur historians, and by producing complete narratives. Essential are the skills and technologies required to preserve and connect photos, movies, videos, diaries, memoirs, correspondence, artefacts and even architecture such as homes. Online genealogical services are well established sources of official government records, but usually not for recent decades, and not covering the valuable records of legal, medical, and religious organizations. Information can be shared and interpreted by family members through oral history interviews, social media, and online private archives such as wikis and shared file depositories. This book explores a wide variety of online information sources and achieves coherence by documenting and interpreting the history of a particular extended American family on the basis of 9 decades of movies and videos, 17 decades of photographs, and centuries of documents. Starting now, any family may begin to preserve their current experiences for the historians of the future, but this will require social as well as technical innovations. This book is the essential resource, providing the fundamental principles, effective methods, and fascinating questions required to make our past live again.

The book now covers all prize winners to 2007 and provides a detailed statistical analysis of what is required to win a Nobel Prize, why it sometimes takes a long time to collect the award, and what the prizes have meant to human progress. In addition, winners of other prestigious international awards for intellectual achievement are included.