WINNER, 2017 RACHEL CARSON PRIZE, SOCIETY FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES OF
SCIENCE In 2002, Sierra Leone emerged from a decadelong civil war.
Seeking international attention and development aid, its government
faced a dilemma. Though devastated by conflict, Sierra Leone had a
low prevalence of HIV. However, like most African countries, it
stood to benefit from a large influx of foreign funds specifically
targeted at HIV/AIDS prevention and care. What Adia Benton
chronicles in this ethnographically rich and often moving book is
how one war-ravaged nation reoriented itself as a country suffering
from HIV at the expense of other, more pressing health concerns.
During her fieldwork in the capital, Freetown, a city of one
million people, at least thirty NGOs administered internationally
funded programs that included HIV/AIDS prevention and care. Benton
probes why HIV exceptionalism-the idea that HIV is an exceptional
disease requiring an exceptional response-continues to guide
approaches to the epidemic worldwide and especially in Africa, even
in low-prevalence settings. In the fourth decade since the
emergence of HIV/AIDS, many today are questioning whether the
effort and money spent on this health crisis has in fact helped or
exacerbated the problem. HIV Exceptionalism does this and more,
asking, what are the unanticipated consequences that HIV/AIDS
development programs engender?
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