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Missing and Exploited Children - Background, Policies, and Issues (Paperback)
Loot Price: R415
Discovery Miles 4 150
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Missing and Exploited Children - Background, Policies, and Issues (Paperback)
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Loot Price R415
Discovery Miles 4 150
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Beginning in the late 1970s, highly publicized cases of children
abducted, sexually abused, and sometimes murdered prompted policy
makers and child advocates to declare a missing children problem.
At that time, about 1.5 million children were reported missing
annually. Though dated, survey data from 1999 provide the most
recent and comprehensive information on missing children. The data
show that approximately 1.3 million children went missing from
their caretakers that year due to a family or nonfamily abduction,
running away or being forced to leave home, becoming lost or
injured, or for benign reasons, such as a miscommunication about
schedules. Nearly half of all missing children ran away or were
forced to leave home, and nearly all missing children were returned
to their homes. The number of children who are sexually exploited
is unknown because of the secrecy surrounding exploitation;
however, in the 1999 study, researchers found that over 300,000
children were victims of rape; unwanted sexual contact; forceful
actions taken as part of a sex-related crime; and other sex-related
crimes that do not involve physical contact with the child,
including those committed on the Internet. Recognizing the need for
greater federal coordination of local and state efforts to recover
missing and exploited children, Congress created the Missing and
Exploited Children's (MEC) program in 1984 under the Missing
Children's Assistance Act (P.L. 98-473, Title IV of the Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974). The act directed
the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to establish a toll-free number to
report missing children and a national resource center for missing
and exploited children; coordinate public and private programs to
assist missing and exploited children; and provide training and
technical assistance to recover missing children. Since 1984, the
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) has
served as the national resource center and has carried out many of
the objectives of the act in collaboration with OJJDP. In addition
to NCMEC, the MEC program supports (1) the Internet Crimes Against
Children (ICAC) Task Force program to assist state and local
enforcement cyber units in investigating online child sexual
exploitation; (2) training and technical assistance for state AMBER
(America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response) Alert systems,
which publicly broadcast bulletins in the most serious child
abduction cases; and (3) other initiatives, including a
membership-based nonprofit missing and exploited children's
organization that assists families of missing children and efforts
to respond to child sexual exploitation through training. The
Missing Children's Assistance Act has been amended multiple times,
most recently by the Protecting Our Children Comes First Act (P.L.
110-240). This authorization, which expires at the end of FY2013,
outlines the duties of OJJDP and NCMEC in carrying out activities
intended to assist missing and exploited children. The ICAC Task
Force program is authorized separately under the PROTECT Our
Children Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-401), as amended, through FY2018.
The AMBER Alert program is authorized under the PROTECT Act (P.L.
108-21). P.L. 108-21 authorized funding for the program in FY2004.
Congress has continued to provide funding in each year since then.
Missing and exploited children's activities are collectively funded
under a single appropriation for the MEC program. For FY2012,
Congress appropriated $65 million to the program.
General
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