Aeneas was perhaps a general, and certainly author of several
didactic military works of which the sole survivor is that on
defence against siege. From it we can deduce that he was a
Peloponnesian of the fourth century BCE who served in the Aegean
and in Asia Minor and composed the work from direct knowledge and
from oral and some literary tradition, possibly in 357-6 BCE. It is
devoted entirely to defence of fortified places and deals specially
with use of defending troops; defensive positions; morale;
resistance to attacks and to actual assault; guards; obviation of
treachery and revolution; and other subjects.
Asclepiodotus, philosopher and pupil of the Stoic Posidonius,
wrote a rather dry but ordered work on Tactics as if a subject of
the lecture room, based not on personal experience but on earlier
manuals. His main subjects were the branches of a military force;
infantry; cavalry; chariots; elephants; arms; maneuvers; military
evolutions; marching formation. The work ends with words of
command.
Onasander (Onasandros), a Platonic philosopher, dedicated his
work "The General" to the Roman Veranius, who was a consul in 49
CE. The work deals in plain style with the sort of morals and
social and military qualities and attitudes expected of a virtuous
and militarily successful general. It is also concerned with such
matters as his choice of staff; attitude to war; religious duties;
military formations; conduct in allied and hostile lands; difficult
terrains; camps; drill; spies; guards; deserters; battle formations
and maneuvers; and other matters, ending with conduct after
victory.
General
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