Alongside Georges Clemenceau and David Lloyd George, Giovanni
Giolitti (1842-1928) stands out as one of the major liberal
reformers of late 19th- and early 20th-century Europe. In the first
complete English-language study of Giolitti, De Grand examines the
political life of Italy's most notable prime minister after Cavour.
Giolitti emerges not as a transitional figure leading fledgling
Italy into modern democracy, but as a staunch adherent of
19th-century elitist liberalism trying to navigate the new tide of
mass politics. De Grand's careful research offers valuable insight
into Giolitti as statesman and, through him, a vantage point on the
development of Italy during a critical period.
Giolitti's troubled relationship with mass politics defined his
years in office. A life-long bureaucrat aloof from the electorate,
Giolitti introduced near universal male suffrage--even while
commenting that first teaching everyone to read and write would be
a more reasonable route--and tolerated labor strikes. Rather than
reform the state as a concession to populism, however, Giolitti
sought to accommodate the politics of the piazza under the roof of
liberal parliamentarianism, first in his pursuit of coalitions with
Socialist and Catholic groups, and finally, at the end of his
political life, in a failed courtship with Fascism.
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