Over the last three decades drought episodes have resulted in
severe social problems in Mediterranean countries, receiving broad
attention from the international scientific and policy communities.
The experiences in the development and implementation of drought
management plans highlight the success and challenges of coping
with drought for societies with different vulnerabilities and
emphasize risk-based drought management as a critical approach to
mitigate the impacts associated to drought-induced water shortages.
Based on these experiences and the current methods for evaluating
risk, the book synthesises guidelines for drought management that
link science and policy and that can be applied to other
regions.
The book comprises a collection of papers divided into four
sections that appeal to a broad audience. First, the social and
hydrological context of Mediterranean countries is presented,
discussing the interactions that have resulted in the complex
institutional framework, and highlighting the importance of
stakeholder involvement and awareness building for successful
drought management. This section emphasises the role of
organizations, institutions, and civil stakeholders involved in
drought preparedness and mitigation and/or on water management for
designing effective risk based strategies that mitigate the effects
of drought in agriculture and water supply systems.
Second, the book presents an academic approach to risk
evaluation, including characterization of drought episodes,
development of indicators of risk in hydrological and agricultural
systems, and analysis of the role of economic instruments and
groundwater for risk mitigation. This section finalises with the
description of an integrated method for evaluating social
vulnerability based on indicators that include the capacity to
anticipate, cope, and respond to drought.
The third section includes a collection of case studies that
include the description of effective measures taken in the past.
These case studies provide the context for developing demand driven
guidelines that may be applied to other regions. The authors of
these chapters can be viewed as stakeholders in drought management,
since they represent a broad range of sectors and institutions from
Mediterranean European and North African countries. The topics
addressed have implications for the international policy community
interested in disaster mitigation, agricultural policy, and
development.
Finally a synthesis of the management actions is presented in
four chapters. Monitoring and preparedness planning is the
essential first step for moving from disaster to risk management in
response to drought. The management actions related to agriculture
and water supply systems are presented in two different chapters
but with a common conceptual framework based on the use of drought
indicators for evaluating the levels of drought risk (pre-alert,
alert, and emergency), that allow establishing linkages between
science and policy. The final chapter discuses the lessons learned
and application to other regions.
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