Over the past thirty years, transnational investment, trade, and
government policies have encouraged the decentralization of
national economies, disrupting traditional patterns of urban and
regional growth. Many smaller cities -- such as Seattle,
Washington; Campinas, Brazil; Oita, Japan; and Kumi, Korea -- have
grown markedly faster than the largest metropolises. Dubbed here
"second tier cities, " they are home to specialized industrial
complexes that have taken root, provided significant job growth,
and attracted mobile capital and labor.
The culmination of an ambitious five-year, fourteen-city
research project conducted by an international team of economics
and geographers, Second Tier Cities examines the potential of these
new regions to balance uneven regional development, create good,
stable jobs, and moderate hyper-urbanization. Comparing across
national borders, the contributors describe four types of second
tier cities: Marshallian industrial districts, hub-and-spoke
cities, satellite platforms, and government-anchored complexes.
They find that both industrial and regional policies have been
important contributors to the rise of second tier cities, though
the former often trump the latter. Lessons for local, national, and
international policymakers are drawn. The authors are critical of
devolution and argue that it must be accompanied by strong labor
and environmental standards and mechanisms to overcome differential
regional resource endowments.
General
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