Arthur Herman has now written the definitive sequel to his "New
York Times" bestseller, "How the Scots Invented the Modern World,
"and extends the themes of the book--which sold half a million
copies worldwide--back to the ancient Greeks and forward to the age
of the Internet. "The Cave and the Light "is a magisterial account
of how the two greatest thinkers of the ancient world, Plato and
Aristotle, laid the foundations of Western culture--and how their
rivalry shaped the essential features of our culture down to the
present day.
Plato came from a wealthy, connected Athenian family and lived a
comfortable upper-class lifestyle until he met an odd little man
named Socrates, who showed him a new world of ideas and ideals.
Socrates taught Plato that a man must use reason to attain wisdom,
and that the life of a lover of wisdom, a philosopher, was the
pinnacle of achievement. Plato dedicated himself to living that
ideal and went on to create a school, his famed Academy, to teach
others the path to enlightenment through contemplation.
However, the same Academy that spread Plato's teachings also
fostered his greatest rival. Born to a family of Greek physicians,
Aristotle had learned early on the value of observation and
hands-on experience. Rather than rely on pure contemplation, he
insisted that the truest path to knowledge is through empirical
discovery and exploration of the world around us. Aristotle,
Plato's most brilliant pupil, thus settled on a philosophy very
different from his instructor's and launched a rivalry with
profound effects on Western culture.
The two men disagreed on the fundamental purpose of the
philosophy. For Plato, the image of the cave summed up man's
destined path, emerging from the darkness of material existence to
the light of a higher and more spiritual truth. Aristotle thought
otherwise. Instead of rising above mundane reality, he insisted,
the philosopher's job is to explain how the real world works, and
how we can find our place in it. Aristotle set up a school in
Athens to rival Plato's Academy: the Lyceum. The competition that
ensued between the two schools, and between Plato and Aristotle,
set the world on an intellectual adventure that lasted through the
Middle Ages and Renaissance and that still continues today.
From Martin Luther (who named Aristotle the third great enemy of
true religion, after the devil and the Pope) to Karl Marx (whose
utopian views rival Plato's), heroes and villains of history have
been inspired and incensed by these two master philosophers--but
never outside their influence.
Accessible, riveting, and eloquently written, "The Cave and the
Light" provides a stunning new perspective on the Western world,
certain to open eyes and stir debate.
Praise for "The Cave and the Light"
" "
"A sweeping intellectual history viewed through two ancient Greek
lenses . . . breezy and enthusiastic but resting on a sturdy rock
of research."--"Kirkus Reviews"
"Examining mathematics, politics, theology, and architecture, the
book demonstrates the continuing relevance of the ancient
world."--"Publishers Weekly"
" "
"A fabulous way to understand over two millennia of history, all
in one book."--"Library Journal"
" "
"Entertaining and often illuminating."--"The Wall Street Journal"
"From the Hardcover edition."
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