This study explores the pre-history of Irish convict transportation
to New South Wales which began with the Queen in April 1791. It
traces earlier attempts to revive the trans-Atlantic convict trade
and the frustrated efforts by Irish authorities to join in the
Botany Bay scheme after 1786. The nine Irish shipments to North
America and the West Indies are described in detail for the first
time, including the dramatic outcomes in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland
and the Leeward Islands which eventually forced the Home Office to
find space for Irish convicts on the Third Fleet. These events are
related against the background of Dublin's burgeoning crime rate in
the 1780s, the critical insecurity of its prison system and the
troubled political relationship between Ireland and Britain.
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