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History of Operations Research in the United States Army, V. 2, 1961-1973 (Paperback, First)
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History of Operations Research in the United States Army, V. 2, 1961-1973 (Paperback, First)
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This second of three volumes on the history of operations research
identifies, describes, and evaluates the ideas, people,
organizations, and events that influenced the development of ORSA
in the Army from the inauguration of President Kennedy in 1961 to
the withdrawal of U.S.TThe last official campaign of the United
States Army in Vietnam ended on 28 January 1973. By that date most
Army combat units and advisers had been withdrawn from South
Vietnam, leaving only a small contingent of combat support and
combat service support troops who were soon redeployed to the
United States. Thus ended one of the most eventful eras in U.S.
military history. Indeed, the period from 1961 to 1973 was a
tumultuous era in world history, an era marked by worldwide
political upheaval, growing distrust of government, and alienation
of the young from the hitherto accepted standards and values of
political, economic, social, and cultural behavior. The 1960s and
early 1970s were also a time of great growth and change in the Army
analytical community, a time in which Army operations research and
systems analysis (ORSA) managers and analysts faced a number of
difficult challenges. The McNamara revolution in defense management
emphasized quantitative methods and systematic analysis, and the
evergrowing complexities of structuring military forces for the
future as well as the problems of fighting a long war in Southeast
Asia summoned a maximum effort from Army analysts.
The use of ORSA techniques expanded into new areas, such as
management and force planning. The reliance on one or two primary
Army ORSA contractors was abandoned in favor of a wider range of
private contractors and greater reliance on in-house Army ORSA
organizations that grew substantially. The increased demand for
trained ORSA managers and analysts prompted a number of studies
that focused on the Army's need for systematic analysis and ORSA
personnel. As a result, a professional program for the selection,
training, and utilization of Army officer ORSA specialists was
introduced, and measures were taken to improve the preparation and
utilization of the Army's civilian analysts as well. The use of
ORSA methods became a generally accepted part of the research and
development and combat development processes, and Army ORSA
analysts participated in the major studies of the day, particularly
those dealing with the two most prominent military issues of the
1960s, counterinsurgency and airmobility, and applied their skills
to solve the practical problems encountered in the war against the
Communists in Southeast Asia.forces from Vietnam in 1973.
General
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