In its early years, Israel's dominant ideology led to public
provision of health care for all Jewish citizens-regardless of
their age, income, or ability to pay. However, the system has
shifted in recent decades, becoming increasingly privatized and
market-based. In a familiar paradox, the wealthy, the young, and
the healthy have relatively easy access to health care, and the
poor, the old, and the very sick confront increasing obstacles to
medical treatment.
In Circles of Exclusion, Dani Filc, both a physician and a human
rights activist, forcefully argues that in present-day Israel,
equal access to health care is constantly and systematically
thwarted by a regime that does not extend an equal level of
commitment to the well-being of all residents of Israel, whether
Jewish, Israeli Palestinians, migrant workers, or Palestinians in
the Occupied Territories. Filc explores how Israel's adoption of a
neoliberal model has pushed the system in a direction that gives
priority to the strongest and richest individuals and groups over
the needs of society as a whole, and to profit and competition over
care.
Filc pays special attention to the repercussions of policies
that define citizenship in a way that has serious consequences for
the health of groups of Palestinians who are Israeli
citizens-particularly the Bedouins in the unrecognized villages-and
to the ways in which this structure of citizenship affects the
health of migrant workers. The health care situation is even more
dire in the Occupied Territories, where the Occupation, especially
in the last two decades, has negatively affected access to medical
care and the health of Palestinians. Filc concludes his book with a
discussion of how human rights, public health, and economic
imperatives can be combined to produce a truly equal health care
system that provides high-quality services to all Israelis.
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