Newport Paper No. 29, Shaping the Security Environment, edited by
Derek S. Reveron, makes an important contribution to an unfolding
debate on the global role of U.S. military forces in an era of
transnational terrorism, failed or failing states, and
globalization. Reveron, professor of national security decision
making at the Naval War College, looks beyond the current conflicts
in which the United States is involved to raise fundamental
questions concerning the regional diplomatic roles of America's
combatant commanders (COCOMs) and, more generally, the entire array
of nonwarfighting functions that have become an increasingly
important part of the day-to-day life of the American military as
it engages a variety of partners or potential partners around the
world. These functions are increasingly being given doctrinal
definition and a larger role in U.S. military planning under the
novel concept of "shaping." This volume is intended to explore the
notion of shaping in its various aspects, both generally and in
several regional contexts. The changing role of the regional COCOMs
(formerly CINCs) over the last dozen years or so is the focus of a
paper by General Anthony Zinni, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.), who
provides a characteristically frank and illuminating account of his
own tenure as commander of the U.S. Central Command, with
responsibilities for the Persian Gulf and the greater Middle East.
Papers by Commander Alan Lee Boyer, USN (Ret.), and Stephen A.
Emerson examine maritime and regional security cooperation from the
perspective of the U.S. European Command on the one hand and, on
the other, the Combined Task Force-Horn of Africa, a joint
organization headquartered in Djibouti that has played a critical
role in recent years in strengthening the capabilities of countries
throughout the region to improve their own security and counter
terrorism. Two further chapters examine aspects of shaping from a
global perspective. Ronald E. Ratcliffe provides a searching
analysis of the "thousand-ship navy" initiative proposed several
years ago by outgoing Chief of Naval Operations Michael Mullen,
including the difficulties the U.S. Navy has had in
operationalizing this concept-and the difficulties some of our
allies and partners continue to have in coming to terms with it.
Ratcliffe makes a number of useful recommendations as to how the
Navy can make headway in the area of maritime security cooperation
in the coming years, which is likely to figure prominently in the
new maritime strategy the Navy is currently developing. Finally,
Dennis Lynn looks at "strategic communication," also a relatively
new concept that is intended to bring greater coherence to the way
the U.S. military thinks about the overall impact of its words and
actions abroad and how it can better craft messages to shape the
environment-friendly as well as adversarial-in which it finds
itself today.
General
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