During the Cold War era, most states had gravitated to either one
of the superpowers, the United States or the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR). There were, of course, states that
tried to play the independent or semi-independent role. Still, they
usually were not challenging to one of the superpowers. Upon the
collapse of the USSR, the United States had enjoyed absolute
predominance until approximately the end of the Bush era, when a
multipolar world started to develop. At that point, several centers
of power emerged, providing the flexibility for small powers to
move from the orbit of one center of power to the other. Moreover,
the small powers could on occasion even challenge the bigger
centers of power. This is the case with Belarus, at least from 2006
to the present. Belarus officially became an ally of Russia and
formed a "union" state. Still, since 2006, Minsk's relationship
with Moscow became extremely acrimonious, when Moscow abruptly
increased the price of oil/gas delivered to Minsk. Minsk engaged in
conflict with Moscow-a conflict that has been mixed with a peculiar
detente and new tensions. The conflict with Russia coincided with
the flirting by Belarus with the European Union (EU) and, even more
so, with China and Iran. All of this indicated that Belarus would
continue to exercise a "multi-vector" foreign policy, and this
Belarusian policy reflects the general pattern of foreign policy in
an emerging multipolar world. The absence of a single center of
power or a few centers of power-as was the case during the Cold
War-provides the opportunity even for small states, sandwiched
between much stronger states, to move with comparative ease from
one center to the other. Even when small states become finally
attached to one of these centers, their attachment is not absolute,
and freedom of action is still preserved. The following conclusions
are drawn from this analysis: 1. There is an emerging post-unipolar
world. Now the United States is not the only global center, as it
was during the first years of the post-Cold War era. Nor do just
two superpowers-the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics-now define the course of global events. The new
multipolarity implies the presence of several centers of power.
This provides the opportunity for small states such as Belarus to
move from one center of power to another or to engage in a sort of
geopolitical gamesmanship. 2. During the last 10 years or so,
Belarus moved from Russia to the European Union (EU) and back. At
the same time, it engaged in relationships with Iran and China.
While relationships with Russia and the EU have not been stable,
this is not the case with China and Iran. Here, Belarus has always
maintained a good relationship, especially in the case of China.
This is demonstrated by the increasing role of Asia in the
geopolitical arrangements of the present, and will be even more so
in the future.
General
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