The colonial era is especially appealing in regard to economic
history because it represents a study in contrasts. The economy was
exceptionally dynamic in terms of population growth and
geographical expansion. No major famines, epidemics, or extended
wars intervened to reverse, or even slow down appreciably, the tide
of vigorous economic growth. Despite this broad expansion, however,
the fundamental patterns of economic behavior remained fairly
constant. The members of the main occupational groups -- farmers,
planters, merchants, artisans, indentured servants, and slaves --
performed similar functions throughout the period. In comparison
with the vast number of institutional innovations in the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries, structural change in the colonial economy
evolved gradually. With the exception of the adoption of the
pernicious system of black slavery, few new economic institutions
and no revolutionary new technologies emerged to disrupt the
stability of this remarkably affluent commercial-agricultural
society. Living standards rose slowly but fairly steadily at a rate
of 3 to 5 percent a decade after 1650. (Monetary sums are converted
into 1980 dollars so that the figures will be relevant to modern
readers.) For the most part, this book describes the economic life
styles of free white society. The term "colonists" is virtually
synonymous here with inhabitants of European origin. Thus,
statements about very high living standards and the benefits of
land ownership pertain only to whites. One chapter does focus
exclusively, however, on indentured servants and slaves. This book
represents the author's best judgment about the most important
features of the colonial economy and their relationship to the
general society and to the movement for independence. It should be
a good starting point for all -- undergraduate to scholar --
interested in learning more about the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries.
This popular study, lauded by professors and scholars alike, has
been diligently revised to reflect the tremendous amount of new
research conducted during the last decade, and now includes a
totally new chapter on women in the economy. Presenting a great
deal of up-to-date information in a concise and lively style, the
book surveys the main aspects of the colonial economy: population
and economic expansion; the six main occupational groups (family
farmers, indentured servants, slaves, artisans, great planters, and
merchants); women in the economy; domestic and imperial taxes; the
colonial monetary system; living standards for the typical
family
General
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