The first comprehensive, empirically grounded, and independent
study of the history of the IAEA. The International Atomic Energy
Agency, which sends inspectors around the world to prevent states
from secretly developing nuclear bombs, has one of the most
important jobs in international security. At the same time, the
IAEA is a global hub for the exchange of nuclear science and
technology for peaceful purposes. Yet spreading nuclear materials
and know-how around the world bears the unwanted risk of helping
what the agency aims to halt: the emergence of new nuclear weapon
states. In Inspectors for Peace, Elisabeth Roehrlich unravels the
IAEA's paradoxical mission of sharing nuclear knowledge and
technology while seeking to deter nuclear weapon programs. Founded
in 1957 in an act of unprecedented cooperation between the Cold War
superpowers, the agency developed from a small technical
bureaucracy in war-torn Vienna to a key organization in the global
nuclear order. Roehrlich argues that the IAEA's dual mandate,
though apparently contradictory, was pivotal in ensuring the
organization's legitimacy, acceptance, and success. For its first
decade of existence, the IAEA was primarily a scientific and
technical organization; it was not until the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons entered into force in 1970
that the agency took on the far-reaching verification and
inspection role for which it is now most widely known. While the
Fukushima nuclear disaster and the Iran negotiations made the
IAEA's name famous, the organization's remarkable history remains
strikingly absent from public knowledge. Drawing on extensive
archival research, including firsthand access to newly opened
records at the IAEA Archives in Vienna, Inspectors for Peace
provides the first comprehensive, empirically grounded, and
independent study on the history of the IAEA. Roehrlich also
interviewed leading policymakers and officials, including Hans Blix
and Nobel Peace laureate Mohamed ElBaradei, the agency's former
heads. This book offers insight not only for students, scholars,
and policy experts but for anyone interested in the history of the
nuclear age, the Cold War, and the role of international
organizations in shaping our world.
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