From about 1850, American women physicians won gradual acceptance
from male colleagues and the general public, primarily as
caregivers to women and children. By 1920, they represented
approximately five percent of the profession. But within a decade,
their niche in American medicine--women's medical schools and
medical societies, dispensaries for women and children, women's
hospitals, and settlement house clinics--had declined. The steady
increase of women entering medical schools also halted, a trend not
reversed until the 1960s. Yet, as women's traditional niche in the
profession disappeared, a vanguard of women doctors slowly opened
new paths to professional advancement and public health advocacy.
Drawing on rich archival sources and her own extensive
interviews with women physicians, Ellen More shows how the
Victorian ideal of balance influenced the practice of healing for
women doctors in America over the past 150 years. She argues that
the history of women practitioners throughout the twentieth century
fulfills the expectations constructed within the Victorian culture
of professionalism. "Restoring the Balance" demonstrates that women
doctors--collectively and individually--sought to balance the
distinctive interests and culture of women against the claims of
disinterestedness, scientific objectivity, and specialization of
modern medical professionalism. That goal, More writes, reaffirmed
by each generation, lies at the heart of her central question: what
does it mean to be a woman physician?
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