The aftermath of Japan's 1945 military defeat left its public
institutions in a state of deep crisis; virtually every major
source of state legitimacy was seriously damaged or wholly remade
by the postwar occupation. Between 1960 and 1990, however, these
institutions renewed their strength, taking on legitimacy that
erased virtually all traces of their postwar instability.
How did this transformation come about? This is the question
Ellis S. Krauss ponders in Broadcasting Politics in Japan; his
answer focuses on the role played by the Japanese mass media and in
particular by Japan's national broadcaster, NHK.
Since the 1960s, television has been a fixture of the Japanese
household, and NHK's TV news has until very recently been the
dominant, and most trusted, source of political information for the
Japanese citizen. NHK's news style is distinctive among the
broadcasting systems of industrialized countries; it emphasizes
facts over interpretation and gives unusual priority to coverage of
the national bureaucracy. Krauss argues that this approach is not
simply a reflection of Japanese culture, but a result of the
organization and processes of NHK and their relationship with the
state. These factors had profound consequences for the state's
postwar re-legitimization, while the commercial networks' recent
challenge to NHK has helped engender the wave of cynicism currently
faced by the state.
Krauss guides the reader through the complex interactions among
politics, media organizations, and Japanese journalism to
demonstrate how NHK TV news became a shaper of Japan's political
world, rather than simply a lens through which to view it.
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