Recent decades have seen a degradation of the environmental quality
in semi-enclosed seas, which are particularly sensitive to
population pressures due to their naturally low flushing rates
related to their geometry. The North Sea, Baltic Sea and the Black
Sea are amongst the most seriously threatened seas in the
Euro-Asian region. Each semi-enclosed sea has a distinct pattern of
circulation, transport, mixing, associated with the particular
geometry, topography, boundary processes, interior stratification,
atmospheric forcing, ice fonnation, straits / sill controls, and
the specific inputs of freshwater, nutrients and pollutants. The
workshop investigated the distinctive physical and ecological
characteristics of the three seas in a comparative manner, in order
to identify the types of driving forces and dynamic controls
operating on productivity, nutrient cycling, physical transport and
mixing mechanisms. A comparative study of these controlling
mechanisms would allow us to better understand ecosystem
sensitivity in these different environments. The workshop
presentations highlighted the complexity of the semi-enclosed seas
related to the interaction amongst the physical, chemical and
biological fields, and differences in time and space scales in each
of the systems. Further, a strong climate signal exists in these
systems, manifest in the interannual, interdecadal and longer term
variability. Part of the variability appears connected with
background climatic variability.
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