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Books > Earth & environment > Earth sciences > The hydrosphere
World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Second Edition, Volume
Two: The Indian Ocean to the Pacific provides a comprehensive
review of the environmental condition of the seas from the Indian
Ocean to the Pacific. Each chapter is written by experts in the
field who provide historical overviews in environmental terms,
current environmental status, major problems arising from human
use, informed comments on major trends, problems and successes, and
recommendations for the future. The book is an invaluable worldwide
reference source for students and researchers who are concerned
with marine environmental science, fisheries, oceanography and
engineering and coastal zone development.
The containment of pollution by physical defenses is the first step
in restoring the ocean to its natural state. The first two chapters
of Oil Spill Studies: Healing the Ocean, Biomarking and the Law
describes the feedback on seven experiments made on the East
Atlantic Ocean. The first chapter concerns semi-open sites while
the second focuses on open environment directly linked to the
ocean. The third chapter examines pollution from a French harbor
marina and its effects on the local biodiversity. The book provides
a methodology to quantify biological contamination coming from
heavy metal releases into the environment. Chapter four provides
the state-of-the-art in the science of a mid-depth-living fish
species affected by the treatment of oil pollution by chemical
dispersion. In a similar way, the fifth chapter addresses new
explored and exploited ocean with extreme environments such as the
Arctic and deep sea. The sixth and final chapter provides a
lawyer's analysis on the subject.
""Waves in Ocean Engineering"" covers the whole field of wave
studies of interest to applied oceanographers and ocean engineers.
It has considerable relevance to coastal engineering.
The book is split into 12 sections, the first of which is devoted
to the practical applications of wave studies and to the history of
wave research. The rest of the book covers the measurement of
waves, including remote sensing; the analysis and interpretation of
wave data; estimating the properties of the extreme "Design Wave,"
as well as of the generality of waves for fatigue calculations;
waves in finite depth, wave generation by wind and wave forecasting
models; non-linear effects, and errors and uncertainties in wave
data.
Appreciating that coastal areas are under threat from misuse and
overuse worldwide, this book reviews the need for marine
conservation, summarizes general measures for ocean and coastal
conservation, and explains the rationale for establishing marine
protected areas. The second half of the book is a guideline for
designing and implementing protected areas in order to make them
viable and long-lasting in their effectiveness.
'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to
take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections
dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been
developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making
this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.
Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the
role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of
temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water
density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in
seawater are considered next, along with some uses of acoustics.
These are followed by an examination of the composition and
behaviour of dissolved constituents, including such topics as
residence times, the control of pH, and redox relationships.
Finally, the history of seawater and its role in global cycles is
reviewed, with special reference to climatic change and the CO2
problem.
'Introductory Dynamical Oceanography' 2nd ed provides an
introduction to Dynamical Physical Oceanography at a level suitable
for senior year undergraduate students in the sciences and for
graduate students entering oceanography. It aims to present the
basic objectives, procedures and successes and to state some of the
present limitations of dynamical oceanography and its relations to
descriptive physical oceanography.
The first edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and the
new work includes reference to the Practical Salinity Scale 1978,
the International Equation of State 1980 and the beta-spiral
technique for calculating absolute currents from the density
distribution. In addition the description of mixed-layer models has
been updated and the chapters on Waves and on Tides have been
substantially revised and enlarged, with emphasis on internal waves
in the Waves chapter. While the text is self-contained readers are
recommended to acquaint themselves with the general aspects of
descriptive (synoptic) oceanography in order to be aware of the
character of the ocean which the dynamical oceanographer is
attempting to explain by referring to Pickard and Emery's
'Descriptive Physical Oceanography' 4th edition.
The Elizabeth River courses through the heart of Virginia. The
Jamestown colonists recognized the river's strategic importance and
explored its watershed almost immediately after the 1607 founding.
The Elizabeth River traces four centuries of this historic stream's
path through the geography and culture of Virginia.
European explorers were captivated by the seemingly endless bounty
of natural resources on Cape Cod Bay. One Englishman declared that
the codfish were so thick one "could" walk on their backs. Early
settlers quickly learned how to harness the bay's resources and
excelled at shore whaling, shipping and salt making. But as these
new industries flourished, the native Wampanoag, who helped the
fledgling colony to take root, nearly vanished. Author Theresa
Mitchell Barbo's skillful narrative weaves together the natural and
cultural histories of the bay, highlighting some of the region's
diverse milestones- from the drafting of the Mayflower Compact in
1620 to the establishment of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant 350
years later. "Cape Cod Bay: A History of Salt & Sea" inspires
new appreciation for this storied and stunning seascape, and
underscores the importance of new efforts to preserve the bay's
unique ecosystem.
The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System provides
an overview of our contemporary understanding of the Indian Ocean
(geology, atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, biogeochemistry) and its
role in the climate system. It describes the monsoon systems,
Indian Ocean circulation and connections with other ocean basins.
Climatic phenomena in the Indian Ocean are detailed across a range
of timescales (seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal).
Biogeochemical and ecosystem variability is also described. The
book will provide a summary of different tools (e.g., observations,
modeling, paleoclimate records) that are used for understanding
Indian Ocean variability and trends. Recent trends and future
projections of the Indian Ocean, including warming, extreme events,
ocean acidification and deoxygenation will be detailed. The Indian
Ocean is unique and different from other tropical ocean basins due
to its geography. It is traditionally under-observed and
understudied, yet plays a fundamental role for regional and global
climate. The vagaries of the Asian monsoon affect over a billion
people and a third of the global population live in the vicinity of
the Indian Ocean. It is also particularly vulnerable to climate
change, with robust warming and trends in heat and freshwater
observed in recent decades. Advances have recently been made in our
understanding of the Indian Ocean’s circulation, interactions
with adjacent ocean basins, and its role in regional and global
climate. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in understanding,
observing, modeling, and predicting Indian Ocean variability and
change across a range of timescales. As such, this book is the
perfect compendium to any researcher, student, teacher/lecturer in
the fields of oceanography, atmospheric science, paleoclimate,
environmental science, meteorology and geology, as well as policy
managers and water resource managers.
The year is 1973 and changes are afoot in Great Yarmouth and
Brokencliff-on-Sea as the New Year comes in with bang! Return to a
simpler time when family holidays at the seaside were still fun and
electronic devices had never been heard of. The only sound that was
heard was the gentle lapping of the waves, the gulls circling
above, and the trot of the horse's hooves along the promenade and
music from the funfairs.
Not far from Seattle skyscrapers live 150-year-old clams, more than
250 species of fish, and underwater kelp forests as complex as any
terrestrial ecosystem. For millennia, vibrant Coast Salish
communities have lived beside these waters dense with nutrient-rich
foods, with cultures intertwined through exchanges across the
waterways. Transformed by settlement and resource extraction, Puget
Sound and its future health now depend on a better understanding of
the region's ecological complexities. Focusing on the area south of
Port Townsend and between the Cascade and Olympic mountains,
Williams uncovers human and natural histories in, on, and around
the Sound. In conversations with archaeologists, biologists, and
tribal authorities, Williams traces how generations of humans have
interacted with such species as geoducks, salmon, orcas, rockfish,
and herring. He sheds light on how warfare shaped development and
how people have moved across this maritime highway, in canoes, the
mosquito fleet, and today's ferry system. The book also takes an
unflinching look at how the Sound's ecosystems have suffered from
human behavior, including pollution, habitat destruction, and the
effects of climate change. Witty, graceful, and deeply informed,
Homewaters weaves history and science into a fascinating and
hopeful narrative, one that will introduce newcomers to the
astonishing life that inhabits the Sound and offers longtime
residents new insight into and appreciation of the waters they call
home. A Michael J. Repass Book
Partnerships in Marine Research: Case Studies, Lessons Learned, and
Policy Implications provides a thorough assessment of this
important approach to Marine Research. It starts by looking at the
problems faced by scientists as they conduct investigations within
Marine Research; it then leads into case studies where partnerships
have been successful and concludes with the ultimate intended
outcomes for this approach. Through these sections of the book, an
experience-based framework for sustainable partnerships and science
is introduced, including some key elements identifiable in the case
studies presented. Elements of the framework are implicitly present
in each of the case studies, including four key elements:
flexibility of the partnership system, diversity (of partners and
functions), redundancy, and connectivity. These four elements are
important aspects of the partnership resilience and crucial to
sustain and to achieve its goals. Partnerships in Marine Research
guides the sustainable planning and implementation of future ocean
science and technology projects, and provides a fundamental tool
for researchers, engineers, and decision makers involved in
collaborative Marine Research.
The Rouge River is a mostly urbanized watershed of about 500 square
miles populated by nearly 1.4 million people. While not
geographically large, the river has played an outsized role in the
history of southeast Michigan, most famously housing Ford's massive
Rouge Factory, designed by architect Albert Kahn and later
memorialized in Diego Rivera's renowned "Detroit Industry" murals.
In recent decades, the story of the Rouge River has also been one
of grassroots environmental activism. After pollution from the Ford
complex and neighboring factories literally caused the river to
catch on fire in 1969, community groups launched a Herculean effort
to restore and protect the watershed. Today the Rouge stands as one
of the most successful examples of urban river revival in the
country. Rouge River Revived describes the river's history from
pre-European times into the 21st century. Chapters cover topics
such as Native American life on the Rouge; indigenous flora and
fauna over time; the river's role in the founding of local cities;
its key involvement in Detroit's urban development and intensive
industrialization; and the dramatic clean-up arising from citizen
concern and activism. This book is not only a history of the
environment of the Rouge River, but also of the complex and
evolving relationship between humans and natural spaces.
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