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The Theology of Liberalism - Political Philosophy and the Justice of God (Hardcover)
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The Theology of Liberalism - Political Philosophy and the Justice of God (Hardcover)
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One of our most important political theorists pulls the
philosophical rug out from under modern liberalism, then tries to
place it on a more secure footing. We think of modern liberalism as
the novel product of a world reinvented on a secular basis after
1945. In The Theology of Liberalism, one of the country's most
important political theorists argues that we could hardly be more
wrong. Eric Nelson contends that the tradition of liberal political
philosophy founded by John Rawls is, however unwittingly, the
product of ancient theological debates about justice and evil. Once
we understand this, he suggests, we can recognize the deep
incoherence of various forms of liberal political philosophy that
have emerged in Rawls's wake. Nelson starts by noting that today's
liberal political philosophers treat the unequal distribution of
social and natural advantages as morally arbitrary. This
arbitrariness, they claim, diminishes our moral responsibility for
our actions. Some even argue that we are not morally responsible
when our own choices and efforts produce inequalities. In defending
such views, Nelson writes, modern liberals have implicitly taken up
positions in an age-old debate about whether the nature of the
created world is consistent with the justice of God. Strikingly,
their commitments diverge sharply from those of their proto-liberal
predecessors, who rejected the notion of moral arbitrariness in
favor of what was called Pelagianism-the view that beings created
and judged by a just God must be capable of freedom and merit.
Nelson reconstructs this earlier "liberal" position and shows that
Rawls's philosophy derived from his self-conscious repudiation of
Pelagianism. In closing, Nelson sketches a way out of the
argumentative maze for liberals who wish to emerge with commitments
to freedom and equality intact.
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