Disaster preparedness became a renewed priority for our Nation as a
direct response to the devastation of the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001. Following the tragedies of that day, government
at all levels has embedded stronger collaboration with
nongovernmental civic and private sector organizations and the
general public in policies and practices. The Citizen Corps
grassroots model of community preparedness has spread across the
country, and Americans have been asked to become fully aware,
trained, and practiced on how to respond to potential threats and
hazards. To evaluate the Nation's progress on personal
preparedness, the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's)
Community Preparedness Division conducts Citizen Corps National
Surveys to measure the public's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors
relative to preparing for a range of hazards. This report provides
a summary of the findings from the 2009 Citizen Corps National
Survey. The research objectives and survey questions for the
Citizen Corps National Survey were developed based on previous
research, preparedness modeling, and policy and guidance from the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In 2003, Citizen Corps
conducted a national survey to provide baseline data on individual
preparedness for disasters. In 2007, the Citizen Corps National
Survey was designed to incorporate additional areas of examination
and to refine the questioning, while retaining several specific
questions from the 2003 survey to provide trend data. The 2009
Citizen Corps National Survey includes several more small
refinements. Comparisons between the findings from the 2003, 2007,
and 2009 surveys are noted throughout the report. FEMA's Community
Preparedness Division publishes the Citizen Preparedness Review to
highlight specific areas of research regarding community
preparedness and to summarize research findings from multiple
sources. To assess the research landscape on preparedness, Citizen
Corps has developed and maintains the Citizen Preparedness Surveys
Database of surveys on personal and business preparedness conducted
in the United States since September 11, 2001. As of August 2009,
the database contains 102 surveys on individual preparedness, 29
surveys on business, and 11 surveys on school preparedness.
Analyzing research from this wide variety of sources allows larger
preparedness trends and research gaps to be identified. Citizen
Preparedness Review Issue 3, Patterns in Current Research and
Future Research Opportunities (published summer 2006), made several
recommendations for future research that were taken into
consideration in the development of the Citizen Corps National
Survey implemented in 2007 and 2009. These recommendations
included: More fully explore participants' knowledge of the correct
preparedness measures and appropriate responses for different types
of hazards; Investigate a more comprehensive range of knowledge,
supplies, and skills related to disaster preparedness, such as
knowledge of warning systems, evacuation routes, and training for
specific skills; More fully explore motivational barriers to
preparedness, such as the degree of uncertainty about ability to
perform recommended measures or perceptions that recommended
measures will not make a difference in disaster situations;
Investigate demographic and contextual characteristics as they
relate to preparedness including: prior experience with disasters,
disability/ability factors, and community engagement; Examine
individuals' preparedness in multiple locations in addition to
their homes, such as the school, workplace, and community. An
important finding from the Citizen Preparedness Surveys Database is
that perceived preparedness can be very different from the specific
preparedness measures taken. In nearly all cases, these surveys
substantiate that the proportion of those who have taken
appropriate preparedness measures is much lower than those that
indicate that they are prepared.
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