In "Transatlantic Fascism," Federico Finchelstein traces the
intellectual and cultural connections between Argentine and Italian
fascisms, showing how fascism circulates transnationally. From the
early 1920s well into the Second World War, Mussolini tried to
export Italian fascism to Argentina, the "most Italian" country
outside of Italy. (Nearly half the country's population was of
Italian descent.) Drawing on extensive archival research on both
sides of the Atlantic, Finchelstein examines Italy's efforts to
promote fascism in Argentina by distributing bribes, sending
emissaries, and disseminating propaganda through film, radio, and
print. He investigates how Argentina's political culture was in
turn transformed as Italian fascism was appropriated,
reinterpreted, and resisted by the state and the mainstream press,
as well as by the Left, the Right, and the radical Right.
As Finchelstein explains, "nacionalismo," the right-wing
ideology that developed in Argentina, was not the wholesale
imitation of Italian fascism that Mussolini wished it to be.
Argentine "nacionalistas" conflated Catholicism and fascism, making
the bold claim that their movement had a central place in God's
designs for their country. Finchelstein explores the fraught
efforts of nationalistas to develop a "sacred" ideological doctrine
and political program, and he scrutinizes their debates about
Nazism, the Spanish Civil War, imperialism, anti-Semitism, and
anticommunism. "Transatlantic Fascism" shows how right-wing groups
constructed a distinctive Argentine fascism by appropriating some
elements of the Italian model and rejecting others. It reveals the
specifically local ways that a global ideology such as fascism
crossed national borders.
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