The Soviet Union crumbles and Russia rises from the rubble, once
again the great nation--a perfect scenario, but for one point:
Russia was never a nation. And this, says the eminent historian
Geoffrey Hosking, is at the heart of the Russians' dilemma today,
as they grapple with the rudiments of nationhood. His book is about
the Russia that never was, a three-hundred-year history of empire
building at the expense of national identity.
Russia begins in the sixteenth century, with the inception of
one of the most extensive and diverse empires in history. Hosking
shows how this undertaking, the effort of conquering, defending,
and administering such a huge mixture of territories and peoples,
exhausted the productive powers of the common people and enfeebled
their civic institutions. Neither church nor state was able to
project an image of "Russian-ness" that could unite elites and
masses in a consciousness of belonging to the same nation. Hosking
depicts two Russias, that of the gentry and of the peasantry, and
reveals how the gap between them, widened by the Tsarist state's
repudiation of the Orthodox messianic myth, continued to grow
throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Here we see how
this myth, on which the empire was originally based, returned
centuries later in the form of the revolutionary movement, which
eventually swept away the Tsarist Empire but replaced it with an
even more universalist one. Hosking concludes his story in 1917,
but shows how the conflict he describes continues to affect Russia
right up to the present day.
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