"Religion among the Folk in Egypt" seeks to structure the entire
field of supernatural beliefs and related practices in the folk
communities of Egypt. These beliefs constitute a cognitive system
on the one hand and represent behavioral experiences felt, thought,
and lived by individuals and social groups on the other. The
systemic qualities of the beliefs involved are represented by the
fact that the components are interconnected; even a peripheral
belief is connected to others and, ultimately, attributed to a
central component. The individual 'believer' is aware of the
systeM's components and of the interrelationships among these
components. Individuals and social groups manifest the
behavioristic nature of a belief or a piece of knowledge within the
system through actions. These actions, or rituals are motivated by
these beliefs and are made in response to, and within the confines
of, the beliefs.
A major component of a belief is its affective quality. From the
viewpoint of the believer, a religious belief is associated with a
certain type of sentiment: awe, reverence, fear, love, hate, and so
forth. Such feelings are learned and lead the individual to act in
a certain manner and direction congruent with his feelings. In the
present inquiry the sentiments involved are predominantly of a
religious nature. The folk system only partially overlaps with the
formal religion. Folk beliefs and practices, however, represent
real behavioral patterns which influence the thoughts, feelings,
and actions of individuals and tradition bound groups in daily
living; in many respects it is the real religious culture, while
formal religion represents the ideal or the supposed form of that
culture.
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