This book is a tribute to my mother, who died in 2006, and her
brother, who is a successful Norwegian artist. It shows the impact
of their upbringing together on his art and on their lives.
Colorful paintings, poems and family secrets. The efficiency of
treatment interventions for post traumatic disorder in children
have not been researched upon extensively. Linda Chapman and fellow
psychologists have, however, researched the effectiveness of art
therapy on pediatric trauma patients. Early in the research,
analysis showed that there were no significant reductions in PTSD
(post traumatic stress disorder) symptoms between the patients and
the control group. However, acute stress disorder symptoms were
reduced for the children who received the art therapy intervention.
A 2009 study of prison inmates done by David Gussak discovered that
art therapy aided in the improvement of mood within prison inmates.
It is believed that prison inmates experience an external locus of
control and as such feel they do not control their lives and
subsequently experience a higher instance of depression and overall
poor mood. Art therapy however was proven by David Gussak to assist
inmates to shift their locus of control from an external to
internal and thus allow inmates to feel they had some control over
themselves. This feeling of control led to improvement of mood and
the associated depression within the inmate population. It should
be noted that art therapy was found by Gussak to be more helpful in
improving the mood of female inmates than male inmates, this
however is not necessarily a completely conclusive result and
requires further study. The term 'Art Brut' was first coined by
French artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art created outside the
boundaries of official culture. Dubuffet used the term 'Art brut'
to focus on artistic practice by insane-asylum patients. The
English translation Outsider Art was first used by art critic Roger
Cardinal in 1972. Both terms have been criticized because of their
social and personal impact on both patients and artists. Art
therapy professionals have been accused of not putting enough
emphasis on the artistic value and meaning of the artist's works,
considering them only from a medical perspective. This led to the
misconception of the whole outsider art practice, while addressing
therapeutical issues within the field of aesthetical discussion.
Outsider Art, on the contrary, has been negatively judged because
of the labeling of the artists' work, i.e. the equation artist =
genius = insane. Moreover, the business-related issues on the term
outsider art carry some misunderstandings. While the Outsider
Artist is part of a specific Art System, which can add a positive
value to both the artist's work as well as his personal
development, it can also imprison him within the boundaries of the
system itself. As a mental health profession, art therapy is
employed in many clinical and other settings with diverse
populations. Art therapy can be found in non-clinical settings, as
well as in art studios and in creativity development workshops.
Closely related in practice to marriage and family therapists and
mental health counselors, U.S. art therapists are licensed under
various titles, depending upon their individual qualifications and
the type of licenses available in a given state. Art therapists may
hold licenses as art therapists, creative arts therapists, marriage
and family therapists, counselors of various types, psychologists,
nurse practitioners, social workers, occupational therapists, or
rehabilitation therapists. Art therapists may have received
advanced degrees in art therapy or in a related field such as
psychology in which case they would have to obtain post-master's or
post-doctorate certification as an art therapist.
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