The hot and temperate deserts and their marginal steppe lands
comprise one-third of the land surface of the world and are an
increasingly critical area for the economic wellbeing of world
populations. The remarkable mechanisms of floral, faunal, and human
adaptation to the distinct and difficult environment of these arid
zones, as well as the potential of modern technology for
facilitating adaptation, are described and explained by Walton in
the light of our most recent knowledge of the phenomena and
processes involved.
Beginning with a clarification of the definitions of arid and
semi-arid regions and with the delineation of techniques for
measuring the degree of aridity in these areas, the author shows
that there is wide variation among the arid zones in landscape and
climate and that there are numerous local and microclimates within
any single arid region. The life cycles of the plants and animals
of the arid zones are described and the water resources, including
problems of salinity, mineral contamination, and the construction
of reservoirs, are examined. Extensive treatment is given to
potential agricultural adaptations and to pastoralism as the most
widespread response to dry land. A final chapter summarizes
attempts at adaptation to prevailing drought and discusses the
kinds of future development that the author deems most likely in
arid zones.
Throughout the book emphasis is placed on specific, detailed
analysis, with adequate tables and formulas for in-depth
understanding of particular aspects of aridity. Examples from both
Old and New Worlds are used to demonstrate the spheres in which
progress is being made and to show the mistakes in past and present
land use in arid areas. An essential supplement for courses in
physical geography, the book will be useful in many area studies
and in studies of economic development.
"Kenneth Walton" was professor of geography at the University
of Aberdeen. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh where
he received an M.A. and Ph.D. in Geography and First Class
Certificates in Geology and Social Anthropology. Walton has
published widely and is the editor of "Map Making and Map
Interpretation and Field Studies."
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