The revival of ideology, which began early in the second half of
the last century, has led to reconsideration of the following
questions: What underlies the pattern of the rise and decline of
the ideological mode of thought? What leads young intellectuals to
search for an ideology? What accounts for the changes in
ideological fashion over time and nation, and shifts from one set
of philosophical tenets to another? Who indeed are the
""intellectuals?""
Studies of ideology have tended to range themselves for or
against particular viewpoints, or have concerned themselves with
defining perspectives. The purpose of this book is to examine the
common causal patterns in the development of various differing
ideologies. Feuer finds that any ideology may be said to be
composed of three ingredients: The most basic and invariant is some
form of Mosaic myth. Every ideology also has its characteristic
philosophical tenets spreading from left to right, which conform to
the cycle of ideas; and, finally, an ideology must be taken up by
some section of the population who can translate it into
action.
Intellectuals in generational revolt find in some version of
the ideological myth a charter and dramatization of their emotions,
aims, and actions. Since each generation of intellectuals tends to
reject its predecessors' doctrines, a law of intellectual fashion
arises the alternation of philosophical doctrines. Ideology has
inevitably made for an authoritarian presumption on the part of
master-intellectuals and marginal ones and assumes their antagonism
to objective truth and science. It is Feuer's contention that only
when intellectuals abandon ideology in favor of science or
scholarship will an unfortunate chapter in the history of human
unreasonbe overcome.
General
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