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Books > Professional & Technical > Environmental engineering & technology > Sanitary & municipal engineering > Waste treatment & disposal > Sewage treatment & disposal
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Estimation of Mercury Bioaccumulation Potential from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Receiving Waters: Phase 1 (Paperback)
Loot Price: R2,594
Discovery Miles 25 940
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Estimation of Mercury Bioaccumulation Potential from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Receiving Waters: Phase 1 (Paperback)
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This project was initiated in response to the establishment of
mercury TMDLs around the country and issues raised by this process,
specifically concerning the issue of mercury bioavailability. While
many of these studies recognize that point sources constitute a
small fraction of the mercury load to a water body, a question has
been raised concerning the relative bioavailability of mercury
coming from various sources. For instance, is the mercury
discharged from a wastewater treatment plant more or less
bioavailable than mercury in precipitation, mercury in urban
stormwater, or mercury in sediments? This project seeks to address
this question by developing a reliable definition and approach to
estimating bioavailability, by profiling various sources of mercury
in a watershed with regard to the species of mercury present and by
profiling those factors or conditions in either the effluent or the
receiving water that enhance or mitigate the bioavailability of
those forms. There were several important objectives relevant to
the estimation of bioavailability and potential bioaccumulation of
mercury from wastewater treatment plants and other sources in
receiving waters. The first was to develop a working definition of
bioavailability. For purposes of this project, this definition
includes not only methylmercury, the form of mercury that readily
bioaccumulates in aquatic food chains, but also bioavailable and
potentially bioavailable inorganic mercury species that can be
converted to methylmercury within a reasonable time frame. It is
concluded that the strength of binding to solids and
mercury-sulfur-organic matter associations are major factors in
determining the bioavailability of inorganic Hg. A second major
objective was to identify those factors or conditions in both the
effluent and the receiving waters that enhance or mitigate the
transformation of inorganic mercury to methylmercury and its
subsequent bioaccumulation. Profiles were developed for various
sources of mercury in watersheds, including wastewater treatment
plants, with regard to bioavailable and potentially bioavailable
mercury, and key factors in effluents and receiving waters that
enhance or mitigate it. A procedure to assess the relative
bioavailability of mercury from various watershed sources,
including wastewater treatment plants was developed and tested
using data from a US location. The project also features a
literature review of conventional and emerging technologies for the
removal of mercury from effluent streams and their effects on
mercury bioavailability. A review of the salient aspects of mercury
TMDLs completed by EPA and the states is also included. This
project concludes that, based on available data and bioavailability
as defined in this report, wastewater effluent is one of the lowest
among the sources evaluated with respect to mercury
bioavailability, along with urban runoff and mining runoff.
Atmospheric deposition and contaminated sediments tend to be among
the highest sources with respect to mercury bioavailability.
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