London's sewers could be called the city's forgotten underground: mostly unseen subterranean spaces that are of absolutely vital importance, the capital's sewers nonetheless rarely get the same degree of attention as the Tube. Paul Dobraszczyk here outlines the fascinating history of London's sewers from the nineteenth century onwards, using a rich variety of colour illustrations, photographs and newspaper engravings to show their development from medieval spaces to the complex, citywide network, largely constructed in the 1860s, that is still in place today. This book explores London's sewers in history, fiction and film, including how they entice intrepid explorers into their depths, from the Victorian period to the present day.

As the world's population has increased, sources of clean water have decreased, shifting the focus toward pollution reduction and control. Disposal of wastes and wastewater without treatment is no longer an option. Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment and Engineering introduces readers to the essential concepts of wastewater treatment, as well as the engineering design of unit processes for the sustainable treatment of municipal wastewater. Filling the need for a textbook focused on wastewater, it first covers history, current practices, emerging concerns, and pertinent regulations and then examines the basic principles of reaction kinetics, reactor design, and environmental microbiology, along with natural purification processes. The text also details the design of unit processes for primary, secondary, and advanced treatment as well as solids processing and removal. Using detailed calculations, it discusses energy production from wastewater. Comprehensive and accessible, the book addresses each design concept with the help of an underlying theory, followed by a mathematical model or formulation. Worked-out problems demonstrate how the mathematical formulations are applied in design. Throughout, the text incorporates recent advances in treatment technologies. Based on a course taught by the author for the past 18 years, the book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students who have some knowledge of environmental chemistry and fluid mechanics. Readers will get a strong grounding in the principles and learn how to design the unit processes used in municipal wastewater treatment operations. Professionals in the wastewater industry will also find this a handy reference.

Except in schoolboy jokes, the subject of human waste is rarely aired. We talk about water-related diseases when most are sanitation-related - in short, we don t mention the shit.A century and a half ago, a long, hot summer reduced the Thames flowing past the UK Houses of Parliament to a Great Stink, thereby inducing MPs to legislate sanitary reform. Today, another sanitary reformation is needed, one that manages to spread cheaper and simpler systems to people everywhere.In the byways of the developing world, much is quietly happening on the excretory frontier. In 2008, the International Year of Sanitation, the authors bring this awkward subject to a wider audience than the world of international filth usually commands. They seek the elimination of the Great Distaste so that people without political clout or economic muscle can claim their right to a dignified and hygienic place to go .Published with UNICEF

In an exhaustive compilation of current knowledge, Wastewater Treatment covers subjects that run the gamut from wastewater sources, characteristics, and monitoring to chemical treatments and nutrient removal. Thoroughly examining basic and advanced topics, this resource has it all.
The wealth of easy-to-use tables and illustrations provides quick and clear references, making it indispensable. Schematic drawings of equipment and devices explain the technology and techniques. With the level of detail included, you can count on finding both introductory material and very technical answers to complex questions.
It's seamless style clearly delineates what can and must be done to continue to improve the quality of our water. Wastewater Treatment is a valuable resource; appropriate for engineers and students but readable enough for anyone interested in the discipline.

This updated second edition summarizes screening equipment options available for industrial and municipal water and wastewater treatment. It provides a consolidated source of basic design and application to assist engineers in selecting a screen best suited for the particular application.

Filamentous bulking and foaming are the most frequent operational problems in activated sludge plants. This recent book provides a comprehensive, concise guide to the microbiological and technical aspects of bulking and foaming control.
The result of over 25 years of research, the book stresses practical control measures based on kinetic and metabolic selection theories, as well as on case histories. Topics in the book include: biochemical processes in wastewater treatment, evaluation ofseparation problems, settling and foaming principles, bulking and foaming control methods, and system design. More than 100 tables and figures illustrate complex processes, and over 500 references provide a detailed compendium of available resources.
It was the intention of the author to summarize in this book all essential pieces of information on both the microbiological and technical aspects of bulking and foaming control, so microbiologists and engineers can find new and helpful information from each other's field without studying vast numbers of primary literature sources. Naturally, the practical pieces of information required for solving practical operational problems are more stressed.
The book is arranged into six major chapters which are subdivided into uniform topical sections. The reader interested in a particular problem or searching for a particular solution does not necessarily need to read the whole book to get the answer. There are many cross-references in the text which will lead the reader to the background of the problem, and to show its connection to similar problems and their solutions.

Principles, methods, and calculations for evaluating, designing and operating anaerobic systems

Septic Systems Handbook, Second Edition covers all aspects of such topics as septic tanks, perk tests, leachlines, and onsite disposal technologies. This handy reference is filled with numerous practical tips for troubleshooting and creative problem solving. The many appendices offer valuable information, including dealing effectively with bureaucracy and the legal system, as well as presenting various technical aspects of septic systems.

In 1858 the 'Great Stink of London' made much of the city along the Thames uninhabitable. Between 1848 and 1854 nearly 25,000 Londoners died of cholera, a disease borne by foul water. Joseph Bazalgette saved the city, building sewers that would serve 4 million people and stop waste water emptying into the Thames. These sewers are still the backbone of London's sewerage system today, but the city's population is now approaching 10 million; the old sewers can't cope and action needs to be taken to ensure that 'The Great Stink' never happens again. This is where the Thames Tideway Tunnel comes in: a GBP4.2 billion, 25km-long, 7.2m-diameter tunnel that will stop virtually all of the sewer overflows into the Thames and give us a cleaner and healthier river and city. This is the inside story on the tunnel, from the very start to breaking ground and all the steps along the way. Written by Phil Stride, a leading civil engineer, it is a unique chance both to see behind the scenes of an incredible civil engineering project and to meet the people who've taken it forward over the last ten years.

Offering a comprehensive approach, this title covers fundamentals, technologies, and management of biological processing of solid waste. It discusses kinetic modeling and synergistic impact evolution during bioprocessing of solid waste, environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emission from biological processing of solid waste, energy recovery from solid waste, and biodrying of solid waste. It also presents cases and challenges from different countries, successful business models, and economic analyses of various processing options. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals in solid and hazardous waste management, this title offers a wealth of knowledge to help readers understand this increasingly important area.

India is facing a river pollution crisis today. The origins of this crisis are commonly traced back to post-Independence economic development and urbanisation. This book, in contrast, shows that some important early roots of India's river pollution problem, and in particular the pollution of the Ganges, lie with British colonial policies on wastewater disposal during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Analysing the two cornerstones of colonial river pollution history during the late 19th and early 20th centuries - the introduction of sewerage systems and the introduction of biological sewage treatment technologies in cities along the Ganges - the author examines different controversies around the proposed and actual discharge of untreated/treated sewage into the Ganges, which involved officials on different administrative levels as well as the Indian public. The analysis shows that the colonial state essentially ignored the problematic aspects of sewage disposal into rivers, which were clearly evident from European experience. Guided by colonial ideology and fiscal policy, colonial officials supported the introduction of the cheapest available sewerage technologies, which were technologies causing extensive pollution. Thus, policies on sewage disposal into the Ganges and other Indian rivers took on a definite shape around the turn of the 20th century, and acquired certain enduring features that were to exert great negative influence on the future development of river pollution in India. A well-researched study on colonial river pollution history, this book presents an innovative contribution to South Asian environmental history. It is of interest to scholars working on colonial, South Asian and environmental history, and the colonial history of public health, science and technology.

The focus of the book is on how to use mass and heat balances to simulate and design biological wastewater treatment processes. All the main processes for biological wastewater treatment are covered viz. activated sludge processes for carbon and nitrogen removal, anaerobic digestion, sequencing batch reactors, and attached growth processes.

Giving you the first comprehensive presentation of the ground breaking research undertaken at Heriot Watt University, with Research Council and industrial funding, this book brings a new perspective to the design of building drainage and vent systems. It provides the building services community with clear and verifiable design methods that will be robust enough to meet challenges such as climate change and water conservation; population migration to the mega cities of the developing world, and the consequent pressures of user concentration; the rise of the prestige building and the introduction of new appliances and control strategies. These all combine to make traditional codified design guidance insufficient. Many assumptions in existing codes defining the entrained airflows within building drainage vent systems cannot be theoretically supported, so designers concerned with these systems need analysis and simulation capabilities which are at least as reliable as those enjoyed by other building services practitioners. The Method of Characteristics solution techniques which are well established in the pressure surge field are now used to provide solutions for drainage designers. The material is applied to a whole range of abstract scenarios then to a series of real world applications including the forensic modelling of the SARS virus spread within Amoy Gardens in 2003 and the refurbishment of the O2 Dome. Applications to specialised services, including underground station drainage and highly infectious disease treatment facilities are discussed and demonstrated, alongside the use of design and simulation techniques in support of product development. Aimed at both professional and academic users, this book serves both as a design aid and as a core text for specialist masters courses in public health and building services engineering.

In an exhaustive compilation of current knowledge, Wastewater Treatment covers subjects that run the gamut from wastewater sources, characteristics, and monitoring to chemical treatments and nutrient removal. Thoroughly examining basic and advanced topics, this resource has it all. The wealth of easy-to-use tables and illustrations provides quick and clear references, making it indispensable. Schematic drawings of equipment and devices explain the technology and techniques. With the level of detail included, you can count on finding both introductory material and very technical answers to complex questions. It's seamless style clearly delineates what can and must be done to continue to improve the quality of our water. Wastewater Treatment is a valuable resource; appropriate for engineers and students but readable enough for anyone interested in the discipline. Bela G. Liptak speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel.

Lose yourself in the vast sewer networks that lie beneath the world's great cities - past and present. Let detailed archival plans, maps and photographs guide you through these subterranean labyrinths - previously accessible only to their builders, engineers and, perhaps, the odd rogue explorer. This execrable exploration traces the evolution of waste management from the ingenious infra-structures of the ancient world to the seeping cesspits and festering open sewers of the medieval period. It investigates and celebrates the work of the civil engineers whose pioneering integrated sewer systems brought to a close the devastating cholera epidemics of the mid-19th century and continue to serve a vastly increased population today. And let's not forget those giant fatbergs clogging our underground arteries, or the storm-surge super-structures of tomorrow.

Globally, 2.7 billion people are using onsite sanitation systems, particularly in low income, high density settlements (LIHDS) in urban areas of developing countries. However, treatment technologies to manage the faecal sludge (FS) generated from these systems are often not in place, leading to high risks for environmental and public health. The development of replicable and effective technologies for FS treatment is key in addressing this challenge. This research focused on development of an innovative FS stabilisation technology and addressed key constraints in anaerobic FS treatment: inadequate pathogen inactivation and limitations in biochemical energy recovery. The developed two-stage reactor system consists of an acidogenic reactor fed with mixtures of FS and market waste to facilitate pathogen inactivation, and a subsequent methanogenic plug-flow reactor for enhanced methane production. Due to its potential for application as an off-site FS treatment technology at any scale, receiving any type of faecal matter, collected from different types of sanitary systems, the system provides an option for FS stabilisation for LIHDS. Additionally, the research evaluated the limitations of sanitation provision in LIHDS, and proposes methods for creating an enabling environment for full-scale implementation of onsite systems. The presented results contribute to designing appropriate sanitation interventions in LIHDS.

India is facing a river pollution crisis today. The origins of this crisis are commonly traced back to post-Independence economic development and urbanisation. This book, in contrast, shows that some important early roots of India's river pollution problem, and in particular the pollution of the Ganges, lie with British colonial policies on wastewater disposal during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Analysing the two cornerstones of colonial river pollution history during the late 19th and early 20th centuries - the introduction of sewerage systems and the introduction of biological sewage treatment technologies in cities along the Ganges - the author examines different controversies around the proposed and actual discharge of untreated/treated sewage into the Ganges, which involved officials on different administrative levels as well as the Indian public. The analysis shows that the colonial state essentially ignored the problematic aspects of sewage disposal into rivers, which were clearly evident from European experience. Guided by colonial ideology and fiscal policy, colonial officials supported the introduction of the cheapest available sewerage technologies, which were technologies causing extensive pollution. Thus, policies on sewage disposal into the Ganges and other Indian rivers took on a definite shape around the turn of the 20th century, and acquired certain enduring features that were to exert great negative influence on the future development of river pollution in India. A well-researched study on colonial river pollution history, this book presents an innovative contribution to South Asian environmental history. It is of interest to scholars working on colonial, South Asian and environmental history, and the colonial history of public health, science and technology.

Water is essential to our planet's life, and protecting our water resources is a prerequisite for building a sustainable future. Since water use is inextricably linked to energy use, however, we face significant challenges. Water plays an essential role in many, if not most, manufacturing facilities. In a world facing a water-scarcity crisis, much research and development currently focuses on decreasing industries' water-use footprint. This compendium volume looks briefly at several select industries and investigates various water treatment processes for each, including microbial biotechnologies, ozone-related processes, adsorption, and photochemical reactions, among others. The various industries are organized into four groups: Industries that produce petrochemicals Metal industries The semi-conductor industry The paper and pulp industries Collected by a well-respected expert in the field, the studies gathered here are intended to be a starting point for further investigation by graduate students and other scientific researchers. Today's research, found in these chapters, can be expanded to create tomorrow's even wider frame of study.

Giving you the first comprehensive presentation of the ground breaking research undertaken at Heriot Watt University, with Research Council and industrial funding, this book brings a new perspective to the design of building drainage and vent systems. It provides the building services community with clear and verifiable design methods that will be robust enough to meet challenges such as climate change and water conservation; population migration to the mega cities of the developing world, and the consequent pressures of user concentration; the rise of the prestige building and the introduction of new appliances and control strategies. These all combine to make traditional codified design guidance insufficient. Many assumptions in existing codes defining the entrained airflows within building drainage vent systems cannot be theoretically supported, so designers concerned with these systems need analysis and simulation capabilities which are at least as reliable as those enjoyed by other building services practitioners.

The Method of Characteristics solution techniques which are well established in the pressure surge field are now used to provide solutions for drainage designers. The material is applied to a whole range of abstract scenarios then to a series of real world applications including the forensic modelling of the SARS virus spread within Amoy Gardens in 2003 and the refurbishment of the O2 Dome. Applications to specialised services, including underground station drainage and highly infectious disease treatment facilities are discussed and demonstrated, alongside the use of design and simulation techniques in support of product development.

Aimed at both professional and academic users, this book serves both as a design aid and as a core text for specialist masters courses in public health and building services engineering.

Except in schoolboy jokes, the subject of human waste is rarely aired. We talk about water-related diseases when most are sanitation-related - in short, we don t mention the shit. A century and a half ago, a long, hot summer reduced the Thames flowing past the UK Houses of Parliament to a Great Stink, thereby inducing MPs to legislate sanitary reform. Today, another sanitary reformation is needed, one that manages to spread cheaper and simpler systems to people everywhere. In the byways of the developing world, much is quietly happening on the excretory frontier. In 2008, the International Year of Sanitation, the authors bring this awkward subject to a wider audience than the world of international filth usually commands. They seek the elimination of the Great Distaste so that people without political clout or economic muscle can claim their right to a dignified and hygienic place to go . Published with UNICEF

Sludge treatment and disposal used to be considered part of water and wastewater treatment, rather than a separate subject, but is now seen as an independent field of study, research and development. This book is the first text and reference volume on the subject, aiming to provide a comprehensive coverage of basic principles, methods and the advanced practices of sludge treatment and its safe disposal. The book focuses on those aspects of sludge treatment and disposal, particularly in relation to the environment and economy. Based on its inter-disciplinary approach, comprehensive scope and practical case studies and technical illustrations, this book can be recommended as a resource for students, teachers and practising engineers working in the area of water and wastewater treatment, and sludge treatment and disposal in particular.

This book represents a milestone. It is the first overall presentation that summarizes the membrane-coupled activated sludge process (MCASP) in its entirety. The volume offers a thorough survey of current know-how, an explanation of the operational MCASP in municipal plants with full-scale membrane modules, and a description of its advantages and disadvantages. A new approach for calculating excess sludge production and oxygen consumption for the oxidation of carbon compounds is discussed. This approach details correct values for various wastewater streams-from very small to very high sludge loads. Derived values are then related to regulatory criteria and process design alternatives. This book also addresses the relationships between the alpha factor and the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), as well as engineering issues such as: membrane performance, energy requirements, and the removal performance of membrane systems. The findings in The Membrane Coupled Activated Sludge Process in Municipal Wastewater Treatment support the practical applicability of the MCASP to smaller wastewater operations ranging from modest-sized municipal treatment plants to facilities serving only one structure. In addition, the MCASP process is shown to be applicable in water reuse operations. The Membrane Coupled Activated Sludge Process in Municipal Wastewater Treatment demonstrates that sewage treatment problems for various types of waste streams-from rural to suburban-can be solved with MCASP. All the required design and operational data for implementing this technology in wastewater treatment can be found in this book.

Uganda's Nakivubo swamp has been receiving wastewater from Kampala for over 30 years and consists of a floating root mat. It's potential to remove nutrients and pathogens from wastewater in a sustainable way, while maintaining ecological quality and biodiversity, is investigated in this work.

FROM THE PREFACE
This textbook explains and discusses many of the unit operations used for processing municipal sewage sludge. It also contains valuable information on the available methods for final disposition of this sludge. This textbook can be used for planning, designing, and implementing municipal sewage sludge management projects.

Starting with sludge and scum characterization, this practical guide provides least cost methods of improving sludge quality, options for beneficial reuse, the costs of implementing those options, and case studies of sludge reuse programs around the country. From the pitfalls of site selection to pairing sludge products with their markets, this is a comprehensive resource for anyone working to establish a successful sludge reuse program. Each sludge processing option is presented in depth, including costs, operational difficulties, odor control, and application of the sludge product. The land application of liquid sludge, traditional and innovative methods of natural and mechanical dewatering, and lime stabilization processes are covered in detail. Composting options including aerated static pile composting, vermicomposting, windrow composting, and in-vessel composting are investigated. Sludge pelletizing processes and innovative technologies for sludge reuse are discussed, along with the Part 503 regulations.