Human activity is strictly linked with the production of waste, i.e., materials and substances that are undesired and cannot be used further. On the one hand these substances are natural to the environment, eliminated from further technological process by their uselessness (e.g. mining waste), or represent new products such as anthropogenic waste, being the by-product of industrial and agricultural activities. A separate group comprises municipal waste that is not linked with production but results from human dwelling. Utilisation actions aiming at neutralising and/or removal of waste are focused on substances that due to their existing or potential chemical activity may negatively influence the biosphere. Non-active substances represent alien elements in the natural environment, but due to their passive character, their utilisation is concentrated on non-conflicting storage. Active pollutants influencing the natural environment penetrate it as gaseous emanations, fluids (sewage and effluents) and solids. This book addresses this very important issue and covers the topic of restriction of emission and removal of hazardous gaseous emanations that should be conducted in places where they are formed. Imperfection of the applied technology or its lack results in atmospheric pollution. This problem can be of local (around industrial plants, e.g. chemical works, food processing plants, around farmsteads and stock farms), country or global range (emission of CO2, nitrogen compounds, gases hazardous to the ozone layer).

Wastewater treatment plants usually generate millions of tons of sewage sludge every year. Sewage sludge results from the accumulation of solids from chemical coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation during wastewater treatment. Worldwide, sludge production is steadily increasing, driven by the increasing percentage of households connected to central treatment plants, the increasing tightening of pollution limits on the effluent discharged, as well as the availability of technologies capable of achieving higher efficiency of wastewater treatment. Sewage sludge contains undesirable hazardous substances such as trace elements, pesticides and endocrine disruptors, pathogens and other microbiological pollutants. Therefore, sludge has to be properly treated and disposed of to prevent environmental contamination and health risk. Sludge processing is intended to improve dewatering characteristics, eliminate disease-causing bacteria, reduce smell and decrease the quantity of organic solids. In this way, the end product can be treated further or disposed of with less handling problems and environmental consequences. This new important book gathers the latest research from around the globe on this issue.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. A detailed Guide to Sustainable Decentralized Wastewater SystemsCovering technical principles and practical applications, this comprehensive resource explains how to design and construct sound and sustainable decentralized wastewater systems of varying sizes and in differing geophysical conditions. Planning and Installing Sustainable Onsite Wastewater Systems covers state-of-the-art techniques, materials, and industry practices, and provides detailed explanations for why certain approaches result in more sustainable projects. A rational approach is presented for assessing assimilative capabilities of soils, and selecting methods of wastewater treatment and dispersal that make optimal use of natural treatment processes and site conditions. In-depth design and construction information highlights nonproprietary methods proven to be very sustainable and cost effective on a long-term basis for many geographic settings. Step-by-step illustrations and project examples featuring real-world implementations of onsite wastewater systems are included in this definitive volume. Planning and Installing Sustainable Wastewater Systems covers: Sustainability factors and planning considerations for decentralized wastewater systems Project planning and site evaluation Wastewater collection and conveyance methods Design and installation of primary treatment units Comparisons of secondary and advanced treatment methods Sand filter construction Subsurface flow wetland performance and construction Effluent dispersal methods Design and installation of low-pressure dosed effluent dispersal systems

Sewage is mainly a liquid waste containing some solids, produced by humans. It typically consists of washing water, faeces, urine, laundry waste and other material which goes down drains and toilets from households and industry. Sewage sludge is an end product of the wastewater treatment process. This material can be a wonderful source of nutrients for the soil. This book provides current studies and research on the treatment and use of sewage. Using this material as a fertiliser can benefit the environment by turning wastes into valuable resources. These sludges would otherwise have to be disposed of by landfilling, lagooning, incineration, or ocean dumping. On the other hand, heavy metals sometimes found in sewage sludge may present environmental problems as there is filtration of metals towards the aquifers which get contaminated. This book addresses these concerns as well as benefits.

Nanocomposites have better adsorption capacity, selectivity, and stability than nanoparticles. Therefore, they find diversified applications in many areas. Recently, various methods for heavy metal detection from water have been extensively studied. The adsorption of various pollutants such as heavy metal ions and dyes from the contaminated water with the help of nanocomposites has attracted significant attention. This book presents a comprehensive discussion on wastewater research. It covers a vast background of the recent literature. It describes the applications of nanocomposites in various areas, including environmental science. Particularly, it is highly useful to researchers involved in the environmental and water research on nanocomposites and their applications. The book covers a broad research area of chemistry, physics, materials science, polymer science and engineering, and nanotechnology to present an interdisciplinary approach and also throws light on the recent advances in the field.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The activated sludge process is one of the most versatile and commonly used wastewater treatment systems in the world. In the past, when industrial wastewater treatment focused on removing biological oxygen demand and suspended solids, waste water plants needed different processes and technology. The shift to the activated sludge process means environmental engineers must build new treatment plants and retrofit old ones. In this compendium, the editor, an experienced and well-published scientist in the field, has brought together articles that relate to the new requirements.

Approximately 15,000 combined sewer overflow events (CSOs) occur annually. During peak storm events they can release about 1.2 trillion gallons of waste and up to 95% of a municipality's raw sewage into surface waters. Although many cities have initiated programs, the CSO problem remains largely unsolved and continues to be a major area of responsibility for environmental professionals, engineers, and public works officials.

Sponsored by the EPA, written by internationally recognized experts, and subjected to extensive peer review, Management of Combined Sewer Overflows provides the latest information on the subject from analysis of contaminants to long-term CSO control plans. Coverage includes:

" CSO analysis and characterization of contaminants
" Analysis and characterization of receiving-water impacts
" Methods of control such as storage, treatment, disinfection, and systems optimization
" Regulations and compliance
" Systems retrofits and upgrades
" Long-term CSO control plans
" Research and design needs

Abatement or prevention of pollution stormwater runoff and CSOs is one of the most challenging areas in the environmental engineering field. The facts of life - from an engineering standpoint - are difficult to face in terms of design and cost. And operational problems can be just as foreboding. A reference for anyone combating urban wet-weather-induced water pollution, Management of Combined Sewer Overflows covers the gamut of engineering requirements, from pollution problem assessment and associated tools, to management and control planning and design.

A translation of Guide de conception et de gestion Des Reseaux d'assainissement unitaires - etat de l'art, Paris 1996. The contents include: data on rainstorm run-off pollution; different types of weirs and accessories; computation and measurement of characteristics of weirs; evaluation and improvement of hydraulic output and its treatment; location, checking and choice of weir and its improvement; regulations concerning weir wastes; conclusions and strategy proposed for action and improvement of knowledge; and documents concerning computational methods. The case studies presented are: Impact of wastes of storm weirs; Weirs of Paris; Measurement of quality storm weirs; Measurement of quality of water in sanitary networks; Summary of investigations conducted on weirs of Paris and three districts of premiere Couronne; Management of works of the Boulogne Loop; Management of interdistrict work of the Parisian agglomeration; The plant at Acheres: a new scheme for 2001; and Strategy for overall management of sanitation in Seine Saint Denis."

A newcomer to the scene, aerobic granulation is on its way to becoming the hot new technology for high-efficiency wastewater treatment. Thus far, intensive research has been conducted with regard to the understanding of the mechanism of aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and its application in treating a wide variety of municipal and industrial wastewater. This basic research has promoted the technology from laboratory-study all the way to the present pilot- and full-scale application. The time is right for a reference that discusses the technology and its application in wastewater purification.

Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors discusses state-of-the-art research and application of this environmental biotechnology tailored to enhanced wastewater purification. The seventeen chapters provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of aerobic granulation in SBR by incorporating fundamental principles of aerobic granulation withthe basis of process operation under various conditions. The book clearly explains what aerobic granules are and how they form. It elucidates key factors that influence aerobic granulation and addresses common problems encountered and their solutions.

This is the first book-length exploration of aerobic granulation. Other books that cover it are smaller, less comprehensive, less in depth, and less up to date. This book provides first-hand information derived from the authors' research and presents a newly-developed theory for aerobic granulation that offers a deep understanding into the essence of current aerobic granulation technology. Using this book as a platform, the technology can bedeveloped further and quickly applied in the wastewater treatment industry.

Examining the current literature, research, and relevant case studies, presented by a team of international experts, the Urban Water Reuse Handbook discusses the pros and cons of water reuse and explores new and alternative methods for obtaining a sustainable water supply. The book defines water reuse guidelines, describes the historical and current development of water reuse, and includes previously implemented methodologies and practices relevant to urban wastewater treatment. It considers the sustainability of water resources and supply systems in both urban and rural areas. The book discusses the advantages of water reuse (reduced water consumption, cost-savings, a secure groundwater replenishment source, and a long-term water supply) and outlines the disadvantages (a build-up of chemical pollutants in the soil, the probable contamination of groundwater attributed to reclaimed water, and possible human health risks related to the presence of viruses and bacteria). It also proposes ethical and cultural considerations, discusses the economic and environmental performance of water systems relevant to water reuse, and outlines associated methods and strategies that can address problems of water scarcity. In addition, this handbook addresses: Constructed wetlands in surrounding urban areas Water reuse in specific regions, coastal areas, cold regions, arid zones Application of wastewater for hydroelectric power generation Traditional systems of water reuse Combining harvesting systems and water reuse structures Warning systems for wastewater access control Public participation and implementation issues Groundwater recharge by unconventional water Urban water reuse policy A resourceful guide dedicated to the reuse of urban wastewater, the Urban Water Reuse Handbook focuses on wastewater treatment, recycling, and reuse for the conservation of water resources. This book serves as a reference for water resource engineers, urban hydrologists, and planning professionals; for water/wastewater engineers, students, policy makers, and researchers.